Photofission in bismuth at intermediate energy

doi:10.1016/0375-9474(75)90538-2

Nuclear Physics A

Volume 251, Issue 3, 27 October 1975, Pages 418-432

https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(75)90538-2 Get rights and content

Abstract

The yields of 43 fission products from photofission in ²⁰⁹Bi induced by 600 MeV bremsstrahlung have been measured. From these values the mass and charge distributions have been determined. The peak position of the mass distribution is at A_p = 96.3 ± 0.5a.m.u. and the FWHM is 34.8 ± 0.7a.m.u. The ranges of 15 fission products have been determined using the thick-target thick-catcher technique and the kinetic energies have been deduced. Experimental results are compared with cascade-evaporation calculations in combination with liquid drop model calculations for the fission process.

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Cited by (15)

Measurement of photo-neutron cross-sections in 208Pb and 209Bi with 50-70 MeV bremsstrahlung
2011, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
Citation Excerpt :
In literature [8–24], sufficient data on the electron and photon-induced fission cross-sections of 208Pb [8,9], natPb [10–15], and 209Bi [9,12–24] are available over a wide range of bremsstrahlung energy from 30 to 5 GeV. Similarly, yields of fission products in the bremsstrahlung-induced fission of 209Bi [24–31] and natPb [32,33] are also available in literature. On the other hand photo-neutron cross-sections in the bremsstrahlung-induced reaction are not available in literature except our data [30].
The photo-neutron cross-sections of ²⁰⁸Pb and ²⁰⁹Bi induced by 50–70 MeV bremsstrahlung have been measured by using the off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique in the electron linac at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. The experimental ²⁰⁸Pb(γ,xn) and the ²⁰⁹Bi(γ,xn) reactions cross-sections at the bremsstrahlung energy region of 50–70 MeV, which are determined for the first time, are in general good agreement with the theoretical values based on the TALYS 1.0 code. We observed that the photo-neutron cross-sections for the (γ,xn) reactions of ²⁰⁹Bi and ²⁰⁸Pb increase with increasing of bremsstrahlung energy from 50 to 70 MeV, which indicates the role of excitation energy. It was also observed that the (γ,xn) reaction cross-sections of the doubly magic shell nuclei ₈₂Pb¹²⁶ are always higher than those of the singly magic shell nuclei ₈₃Bi¹²⁶ in the bremsstrahlung energy of 50–70 MeV. This may be due to the fact that either the shell effect are washed out at the higher excitation energy or due to the lower fission cross-section of ²⁰⁸Pb compared to that of ²⁰⁹Bi. This observation indicates that there is a competition reaction between fission and neutron emission.
Product yields for the photo-fission of 209Bi with 2.5 GeV bremsstrahlung
2009, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
The mass-yield distribution of fission products in the 2.5 GeV bremsstrahlung-induced fission of ²⁰⁹Bi have been determined by using the recoil catcher and the off-line γ-spectrometry technique in the high energy electron linac at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. The mass-yield determination involves the measurements of cumulative yields for 32 fission products and independent yields of 17 fission products in the photo-fission of ²⁰⁹Bi nuclei. It was found that the mass-yield distribution of fission products in ²⁰⁹Bi is symmetric with an average mass of 95 ± 0.5 and a FWHM of 51 ± 2.0 mass units. Present data at 2.5 GeV along with the literature data at 1 GeV, 700–600 MeV, and 85–28 MeV were interpreted from the point of increase of multi-chance fission and multi-nucleon emission probabilities with an increase in excitation energy. It was found that the average mass of the mass-yield distribution of the fission products decreases from 103 ± 0.5 at 28–85 MeV to 95 ± 0.5 at 2.5 GeV. On the other hand, the FWHM of the mass-yield distribution increases from 19 mass units at 28–40 MeV to 51 mass units at 2.5 GeV. It was also found that the nuclear structure effect observed at the photo-fission of ²⁰⁹Bi with 28–85 MeV bremsstrahlung is washed out at higher energy.
Analysis of angular correlations between complementary fission products
1979, Nuclear Instruments and Methods
A method is described for the analysis of angular correlations between complementary fission products. The description is mainly concerned with fission induced by medium-energy protons but is applicable also to other projectiles and energies. It is shown that the momentum and excitation energy distributions of cascade residuals leading to fission can be extracted. The method is illustrated bythe analysis of angular correlations reported for 1 GeV proton induced fission of U and Yb.
80 years of experimental photo-fission research
2024, European Physical Journal A
SPAGINS: semiempirical parameterization for fragments in gamma-induced nuclear spallation
2023, Nuclear Science and Techniques
A simple description of the temperature dependence of the width of the fission-fragment mass yield in 197Au and 209Bi at intermediate energies
2019, Chinese Physics C

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Nuclear Physics A

Abstract

References (30)

Nucl. Phys.

Nucl. Phys.

Atomic Data and Nucl. Data Tables

Tables of isotopes

Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev.

MTP Int. Rev. Sci. Inorg. Chem.

Phys. Rev.

Z. Phys.

Phys. Rev.

J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory report no. ORNL-TM-2481

Oak Ridge National Laboratory report no. ORNL-TM-196

Cited by (15)

Measurement of photo-neutron cross-sections in <sup>208</sup>Pb and <sup>209</sup>Bi with 50-70 MeV bremsstrahlung

Product yields for the photo-fission of <sup>209</sup>Bi with 2.5 GeV bremsstrahlung

Analysis of angular correlations between complementary fission products

80 years of experimental photo-fission research

SPAGINS: semiempirical parameterization for fragments in gamma-induced nuclear spallation

A simple description of the temperature dependence of the width of the fission-fragment mass yield in <sup>197</sup>Au and <sup>209</sup>Bi at intermediate energies