Section IV. New applications
The MPI/AIT X-ray imager (MAXI) — High speed pn CCDs for X-ray detection

https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)90490-WGet rights and content

Abstract

MAXI (MPI/AIT X-ray Imager) is part of a proposal submitted to the European Space Agency (ESA) as focal plane instrumentation of the X-ray Multi Mirror Mission (XMM). Within a collaboration of 13 European institutes we have proposed a fully depleted (sensitive) pn CCD of 280 μm thickness with a homogeneous sensitive area of 36 cm2 and a pixel size of 150×150 μm2 which is well matched with the telescope's angular resolution of 30 arcsec translating to a position resolution of approximately 1 mm in the focal plane.

The X-ray sensitivity will be higher than 90% from 250 eV up to 10 keV, the readout time in the full frame mode of the complete focal plane will be 2 ms with a readout noise of better than 5 e (rms). Prototypes of all individual components of the camera system have been fabricated and tested. The camera concept will be presented. The measured transfer properties of the CCD and the on-chip electronics will be treated. Taking into account the coupling of the on-chip amplifier to the following front-end electronics the expected performance will be derived.

References (15)

  • E. Gatti et al.
  • L. Strüder

    Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

    (1987)
  • L. Strüder

    Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

    (1987)
  • H. Dietl

    Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

    (1987)
  • W. Buttler

    Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

    (1989)
  • G. Lutz

    Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

    (1988)
  • G. Lutz

    Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

    (1988)
There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (75)

  • Charge-pump detector for X-ray correlation spectroscopy

    2011, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
    Citation Excerpt :

    We considered several pixel configurations and chose a solution where the signal charges are transferred to the readout electronics by applying a sequence of voltages to a few surface implants contributing to the noise with very low capacitance and leakage current. This method can be seen as the implementation in high resistivity silicon of a single element CCD [3–5]. The device is fully depleted from the side of the X-ray entrance window.

  • Considerations on the 11th Symposium

    2010, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
  • Large-format, high-speed, X-ray pnCCDs combined with electron and ion imaging spectrometers in a multipurpose chamber for experiments at 4th generation light sources

    2010, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
    Citation Excerpt :

    As the primary silicon atom is excited due to the missing K-shell electron, it relaxes either through the emission of a 1.74 keV photon or via the ejection of an Auger electron of about 1.55 keV, both of which deposit their energies in close vicinity. The size of the charge cloud as a function of the incident energy was approximated by Fitting et al. [22] to be Rel∼ρ−0.8Eel1.3 (Rel is the radius of the electron range, ρ the density of the absorber material and Eel the electron energy). This approximation [20] is reasonably good for energies well above the K-edge of the material.

  • X-ray imaging spectrometers in present and future satellite missions

    2003, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
    Citation Excerpt :

    Each transfer channel is terminated by an on-chip preamplifier of the single-sided N-JFET type [10–12]. The preamplifier signals are transferred to CAMEX amplifier/multiplexer chips in VLSI JFET-CMOS technology [21,23]. For the XMM-Newton focal plane detector, 12 of these units with 200×768 pixels and a sensitive area of 6×6 cm2 are integrated monolithically in a gapless array on a 4-in.

  • Construction of a scanning transmission X-ray microscope at the undulator U-41 at BESSY II

    2001, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
  • High-resolution imaging X-ray spectrometers

    2000, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
View all citing articles on Scopus
View full text