E.m.f. studies on indium-oxygen and thallium-oxygen interactions in molten copper

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Abstract

E.m.f. measurements on oxygen concentration cells with stabilized zirconia as the electrolyte were used to measure the effects of indium and thallium on the activity coefficient of oxygen in molten copper at 1423 K. Both solutes decrease the activity coefficient of oxygen and the first-order interaction parameters were found to be εOIn = −(8.5±0.5) and εOT1 = −(5.5±0.5). The temperature dependences of the parameters were estimated by using general relations between the enthalpic and entropic interaction coefficients. The first-order mercury-oxygen interaction parameter was interpolated by using previous values for the sixth-period elements from Ir to Bi to be εOHg = −0.5.

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