Abstract
Glycosylation patterns and specific expression rates of the recombinant protein mouse placental lactogen-I (mPL-I) by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells varied significantly over the extracellular pH (pHe) range of 6.1 to 8.7. The maximum specific mPL-I expression rates occurred between pHe 7.6 and 8.0. The pHe effect on protein expression was confirmed using a different CHO cell expressing the unglycosylated recombinant protein mouse placental lactogen-II (mPL-II). Decreases in the extent of glycosylation of mPL-I were observed at low (below 6.9) and high (above 8.2) pHe values. The pHe dependent variations in mPL-I accumulation in the supernatant as well as in glycosylation patterns were not the result of enzymatic degradation in the culture medium.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Musgrove, E., Seaman, M. and Hedley, D. 1987. Relationship between cytoplasmic pH and proliferation during exponential growth and cellular quiescence. Exp. cell Res. 172: 65–75.
Fellenz, M.P. and Gerweck, L.E. 1988. Influence of extracellular pH on intracellular pH and cell energy status: relationship to hyperthermic sensitivity. Radiat. Res. 116: 305–312.
McQueen, A. and Bailey, J.E. 1991. Growth inhibition of hybridoma cells by ammonium ion: correlation with effects on intracellular pH. Bioproc. Eng. 6: 49–61.
Miller, W.M., Blanch, H.W. and Wilke, C.R. 1988. Kinetic analysis of hybridoma growth and metabolism in batch and continuous culture: effect of nutrient concentrations, dilution rate, and pH. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 32: 947–965.
Ozturk, S.S. and Palsson, B.O. 1991. Growth, metabolic, and antibody production kinetics of hybridoma cell culture: 2. Effects of serum concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration, and medium pH in a batch reactor. Biotechnol. Prog. 7: 481–494.
Backman, P., Kimura, T., Schon, A. and Wadso, I. 1992. Effects of pH variations on the kinetics of growth and energy metabolism in cultured T-lymphoma cells: a microcalorimetric study. J. cell. Physiol. 150: 99–103.
Hakimian, J. and Ismail-Beigi, F. 1991. Enhancement of glucose transport in clone 9 cells by exposure to alkaline pH: Studies on potential mechanisms. J. Membrane Biol. 120: 29–39.
Ohta, M., Nelson, D., Nelson, J., Meglasson, M.D. and Erecinska, M. 1991. Relationships between energy level and insulin secretion in isolated rat islets of langerhans: A study at various pH values. Biochem. Pharmacol. 42: 593–598.
Freshney, R.I. 1987. Culture of Animal cells: a Manual of Basic Technique, second edition, p. 69. Alan R. Liss, Inc. New York.
Arathoon, W.R. and Birch, J.R. 1986. Large-scale cell culture in biotechnology. Science 232: 1390–1395.
Murata, M., Eto, Y. and Shibai, H. 1988. Large-scale production of erythroid differentiation factor (EDF) by gene-engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in suspension culture. J. Ferment. Technol. 66: 501–507.
Conradt, H.S., Nimtz, M., Dittmar, K.E.J., Lindenmaier, W., Hoppe, J. and Hauser, H. 1989. Expression of human interleukin-2 in recombinant baby hamster kidney, Ltk-, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 17368–17373.
Curling, E.M.A., Hayter, P.M., Baines, A.J., Bull, A.T., Gull, K., Strange, P.G. and Jenkins, N. 1990. Recombinant human interferon-γ: differences in glycosylation and proteolytic processing lead to heterogeneity in batch culture. Biochem. J. 272: 333–337.
Gottesman, M.M. 1985. Growth properties of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, p. 145–147. In: Molecular cell Genetics. Gottesman, M.M. (Ed.). Wiley, New York.
Kurano, N., Leist, C., Messi, F., Kurano, S. and Feichter, A. 1990. Growth behavior of Chinese hamster ovary cells in a compact loop bioreactor: 1. Effects of physical and chemical environments. J. Biotechnol. 15: 101–112.
Wergeland, L., Wallberg, C. and Ericsson, R. 1987. Hybridoma culture for the continuous production of monoclonal antibodies: fractionalized factorial design experiment for optimization, p. 795. In: Modern Approaches to Animal cell Technology. Spier, R.E. and Griffiths, J.B. (Eds.). Butterworths, Boston.
Doyle, C. and Butler, M. 1990. The effect of pH on the toxicity of ammonia to a murine hybridoma. J. Biotechnol. 15: 91–100.
Hayter, P.M., Kirby, N.F. and Spier, R.E. 1992. Relationship between hybridoma growth and monoclonal antibody production. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 4: 454–461.
Gaitanaki, C.J., Sugden, P.H. and Fuller, S.J. 1990. Stimulation of protein synthesis by raised extracellular pH in cardiac myocytes and perfused hearts. FEES Lett. 260: 42–44.
England, B.K., Chastain, J.L. and Mitch, W.E. 1991. Abnormalities in protein synthesis and degradation induced by extracellular pH inBC3Hl myocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 260: C277–C282.
Matlin, K.S., Skibbens, J. and McNeil, P.L. 1988. Reduced extracellular pH reversibly inhibits oligomerization, intracellular transport, and processing of the influenza hemagglutinin in infected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 11478–11485.
Tapper, H. and Sundler, R. 1990. Role of lysosomal and cytosolic pH in the regulation of macrophage lysosomal enzyme secretion. Biochem. J. 272: 407–414.
Wang, X., Sato, N., Greer, M.A., Greer, S.E. and McAdams, S. 1990. Role of extracellular calcium and calmodulin in prolactin secretion induced by hypos-molarity, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and high K+ in GH4C1 cells. Acta Endo. 123: 218–224.
Rothman, R.J., Warren, L., Vliegenhart, F.G. and Hard, K.J. 1989. Clonal analysis of the glycosylation of immunoglobulin G secreted by murine hybridomas. Biochem. 28: 1377–1384.
Goochee, C.F. and Monica, T. 1990. Environmental effects on protein glycosylation. Bio/Technology 8: 421–427.
Goochee, C.F., Gramer, M.J., Andersen, D.C., Bahr, J.B. and Rasmussen, J.R. 1991. The oligosaccharides of glycoproteins: Bioprocess factors affecting oligosaccharide structure and their effect on glycoprotein properties. Bio/Technology 9: 1347–1355.
Ogren, L. and Talamantes, F. 1988. Prolactins of pregnancy and their cellular source. Int. Rev. Cytol. 112: 1–65.
Colosi, P., Talamantes, F. and Linzer, D.I.H. 1987. Molecular cloning and expression of mouse placental lactogen I complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. Molec. Endo. 1: 767–776.
Colosi, P., Ogren, L., Southard, J.N., Thordarson, G., Linzer, D.I.H. and Talamantes, F. 1988. Biological, immunological, and binding properties of recombinant mouse placental lactogen-1. Endo. 123: 2662–2667.
Kobata, A. 1979. Use of endo-and exoglycosidases for structural studies of glycoconjugatcs. Anal. Biochem. 100: 1–14.
Tarentino, A.L., Gomez, D.M. and Plummer, T.H. 1985. Deglycosylation of asparagine-linked glycans by Peptide:N-Glycosidase F. Biochem. 24: 4665–4671.
Colosi, P., Ogren, L., Thordarson, G. and Talamantes, F. 1987. Purification and partial characterization of two prolactin-like glycoprotein hormone complexes from the midpregnant mouse conceptus. Endo. 120: 2500–2511.
van Erp, R., van Sommersen, A.P.G. and Gribnau, T.C.J. 1991. Monitoring of the production of monoclonal antibodies by hybridomas. Part II: Characterization and purification of acid proteases present in cell culture supernatant. J. Biotech. 20: 249–262.
Markoff, E., Sigel, M.B., Lacour, N., Seavey, B.K., Friesen, H.G. and Lewis, U.J. 1988. Glycosylation selectively alters the biological activity of prolactin. Endo. 123: 1303–1306.
Young, K.H., Buhi, W.C., Horseman, N., Davis, J., Kraeling, R., Linzer, D. and Bazer, F.W. 1990. Biological activities of glycosylated and nonglycosylated porcine prolactin. Mol. cell. Endo. 71: 155–162.
Cole, E.S., Price, A.E., Peterson, P.A., Gluggio, V.M., Bernasconi, R.J. and Logvinenko, K.B. 1992. Glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of human prolactin have different bioactivities in the Nb2 lymphoma cell proliferation assay. J. cell. Biochem., Keystone Symp. 16D: 154.
Eagle, H. 1973. The effect of environmental pH on the growth of normal and malignant cells. J. cell. Physiol. 82: 1–8.
Gonzalez-Mendez, R., Hahn, G.M., Wade-Jardetzky, N.G. and Jardetzky, O. 1988. Comparison of intracellular pH measurements by 31P NMR and weak acid partitioning in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts. Magn. Reson. Med. 6: 373–380.
Jackson, L.L., Colosi, P., Talamantes, F. and Linzer, D.I.H. 1986. Molecular cloning of mouse placental lactogen cDNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 8496–8500.
Lee, S.J. and Nathans, D. 1988. Proliferin secreted by cultured cells binds to mannose-6-phosphate receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 3521–3527.
Tanaka, T., Shiu, R.P.C., Gout, P.W., Beer, C.T., Noble, R.L. and Friesen, H.G. 1980. A new sensitive and specific bioassay for lactogenic hormones: measurement of prolactin and growth hormone in human serum. J. Clin. Endo. Metab. 51: 1058–1063.
Gout, P.W., Noble, R.L. and Beer, C.T. 1986. Cultured Nb rat lymphoma cells in endocrine and cancer research. Biochem. cell Biol. 64: 659–666.
Russel, D.H., Buckley, A.R., Montgomery, D.W., Larson, N.A., Gout, P.W., Beer, C.T., Putnam, C.W., Zukowski, C.F. and Kibler, R. 1987. Prolactin-dependent mitogenesis in Nb2 node lymphoma cells: effects of immunosuppressive cyclopeptides, J. Immunol. 138: 276–284.
Ogren, L., Southard, J.N., Colosi, P., Linzer, D.I.H. and Talamantes, F. 1989. Mouse placental lactogen-I: RIA and gestational profile in maternal serum. Endo. 125: 2253–2257.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Borys, M., Linzer, D. & Papoutsakis, E. Culture pH Affects Expression Rates and Glycosylation of Recombinant Mouse Placental Lactogen Proteins by Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells. Nat Biotechnol 11, 720–724 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0693-720
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0693-720
This article is cited by
-
pH excursions impact CHO cell culture performance and antibody N-linked glycosylation
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering (2018)
-
Novel probes for pH and dissolved oxygen measurements in cultivations from millilitre to benchtop scale
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (2016)
-
Application of dielectric spectroscopy for monitoring high cell density in monoclonal antibody producing CHO cell cultivations
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering (2014)
-
Effect of culture pH on recombinant antibody production by a new human cell line, F2N78, grown in suspension at 33.0 °C and 37.0 °C
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (2013)
-
Synergizing metabolic flux analysis and nucleotide sugar metabolism to understand the control of glycosylation of recombinant protein in CHO cells
BMC Biotechnology (2011)