Abstract
Expressions for the effective cluster formation rates\(B_{NO^ + } and B_{O_2^ + } , (NO^ + \underrightarrow {B_{NO^ + } } NO^ + . H_2 O, O_2^ + \underrightarrow {B_{O_2^ + } } O_2^ + . H_2 O)\) are written in terms of neutral densities and recent laboratory data on reaction rate coefficients. At D-region heights these parameters show seasonal variations due to mesospheric temperature changes. Reduction in cluster formation rates for winter months would result in a decrease in the concentration of hydrated ions and hence reduced effective recombination coefficient for electrons. The results show latitude and seasonal variations which are similar to that of a normal winter anomaly in radio wave absorption.
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Prasad, B.S.N., Mohanty, S. Hydrated cluster ion formation rates and winter anomaly. PAGEOPH 119, 693–702 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01131250
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01131250