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Behavioural elements and their meaning in incipient laboratory colonies of the fungus-growing TermiteMacrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae)

Verhaltenselemente und ihre Bedeutung in jungen Laborkolonien der pilzzüchtenden TermiteMacrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae)

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Summary

Most of the duties in an incipient colony of the fungus-growing termiteMacrotermes michaelseni (Sjöstedt) are perfomed by the workers. While foraging was observed only in major workers, all of the other elements were seen in both major and minor workers. The behavioural elements were grouped as follows: (I) Alarm behaviour, shown by shaking of the whole body; (II) Building behaviour, including palpation of the inner surface of the nest, picking up of a piece of soil, transport of the soil, and deposition of the soil; (III) Procurement of food by foraging, chewing and swallowing of hay pieces, deposition of semi-liquid faecal pellets on the fungus comb, claning of the fungus comb and the fungus nodules, and feeding from fungus nodules and old fungus comb; (IV) Moisture regulation either by water intake with the hypopharynx or water release through the mouth cavity; and (V) Interindividual behaviour, consisting of cleaning all the termite castes as well as the larvæ, cleaning and moistening the eggs, feeding reproductives and larvæ with a liquid and soldiers with fungus comb material, liquid transfer between workers, faecal intake from the larvae, facilitation of hatching and moulting of the larvae.

Reproductives showed alarm, building and grooming behaviour as well as moisture regulation only before the workers emerged in the incipient colony. The minor soldiers showed alarm and defensive behaviour but the only recorded behaviour of the larvæ was shaking of the body.

Zusammenfassung

Die meisten Aufgaben in der jungen, pilzzüchtenden Termitenkolonie der ArtMacrotermes michaelseni werden von den Arbeitern ausegeführt. Beim Futtereinbringen wurden nur grosse Arbeiter beobachtet, alle andern Verhaltenselemente wurden sowohl von kleinen als auch von grossen Arbeitern gezeigt. Die Verhaltenselemente der Arbeiter wurden in folgende Gruppen unterteilt: 1. Alarmverhalten mittels Schütteln des ganzen Körpers; 2. Bauverhalten, bestehend aus den Elementen Bepalpern der innern Nestoberfläche, Aufnahme eines Erdstückes, Transport der Erde und Deponieren derselben; 3. Nahrungsbeschaffung durch Futtereinbringen. Kauen und Schlucken von Heustücken, Ablagerung halbflüssiger Fäkalienkügelchen auf den Pilzgarten, Reinigung des Pilzgartens und der Pilzkörperchen, sowie Fressen von Pilzkörperchen und altem Pilzgarten; 4. Feuchtigkeitsregulation entweder durch Wasseraufnahme mit dem Hypopharynx oder Wasserabgabe durch die Mundhöhle; 5. Interindividualverhalten, bestehend aus den Elementen Putzen aller Termitenkasten sowie der Larven, Putzen und Befeuchten der Eier, Füttern der Geschlechtstiere und Larven mit einer Flüssigkeit resp. der Soldaten mit Pilzgartenmaterial, Flüssigkeitsaustausch zwischen Arbeitern, Fäkalienaufnahme von den Larven, Häutungshilfe an Larven und beim Schlüpfen der Eilarven.

Die Geschlechtstiere zeigten Alarm-, Bau- und Individualverhalten sowie Feuchtigkeits-regulation gleich wie die Arbeiter bevor diese in den jungen Kolonien erschienen. Die kleinen Soldaten zeigten Alarm- und Abwehrverhalten, während als einzige erwähnenswerte verhaltensform der Larven Schütteln des Körpers aufgenommen wurde.

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Sieber, R., Leuthold, R.H. Behavioural elements and their meaning in incipient laboratory colonies of the fungus-growing TermiteMacrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae). Ins. Soc 28, 371–382 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02224194

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