Skip to main content
Log in

Pleoanamorphic life cycle ofExophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis

  • Research Articles
  • Published:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The anamorph life cycle of the black yeastExophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis is described. The fungus is dimorphic, yeast cells being the prevalent form of propagation. The fungus is strongly hydrophilic, probably completing its anamorph life cycle in submersion. Adaptation to dry conditions is slow. Types of conidiogenesis comprise annellidic, phialidic and sympodial reproduction, in addition to isotropic development. Phialoconidia fail to germinate under the conditions tested, and thus may have a function other than dispersal. Sterile, multicellular bodies resembling aCapronia teleomorph are described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Butterfield W & Jong SC (1976) Effect of carbon source on conidiogenesis inFonsecaea dermatitidis, agent of chromomycosis. Mycopathologica 58: 59–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Calderone RA (1976) Endogenous respiration and fatty acids ofPhialophora dermatitidis. Mycologia 68: 99–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper CR & Szaniszlo PJ (1993) Evidence for two cell division cycle (CDC) genes that govern yeast bud emergence in the pathogenic fungusWangiella dermatitidis. Infect. Immun. 61: 2069–2081

    Google Scholar 

  • De Hoog GS (1977)Rhinocladiella and allied genera. Stud. Mycol. 15: 1–140

    Google Scholar 

  • De Hoog GS (1985) The taxonomic structure ofExophiala. In: Howard DH (Ed) Fungi pathogenic for humans and animals, BII pp 327–336. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • De Hoog GS & Haase G (1993) Nutritional physiology and selective isolation ofExophiala dermatitidis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64: 17–26

    Google Scholar 

  • De Hoog GS, Matsumoto T, Matsuda T & Uijthof JMJ (1994)Exophiala negronii, an etiologie agent of human phaeohyphomycosis, with report of a case. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. (in press)

  • De Hoog GS & Rubio C (1982) A new dematiaceous fungus from human skin. Sabouraudia 20: 15–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Geis PA & Jacobs CW (1985) Polymorphism ofWangiella dermatitidis. In: Szaniszlo PJ (Ed): Fungal dimorphism, pp. 205–233. Plenum, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove SN, Oujezdsky KB & Szaniszlo PJ (1973) Budding in the dimorphic fungusPhialophora dermatitidis. J. Bact. 115: 323–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Haase G, Skopnik H, Groten T, Kusenbach G & Posselt H-G (1991) Long-term fungal cultures from patients with cystic fibrosis. Mycoses 34: 373–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Harada S, Ueda T & Kusunoki T (1976) Systemic chromomycosis. J. Dermatol., Tokyo 3: 12–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Hariyama A, Takahashi S & Kasai T (1971) Chromomycosis of liver and brain. Jap. J. Med. Mycol. 12: 237–238 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hironaga M, Watanabe S, Nishimura K & Miyaji M (1981) Annellated conidiogenous cells inExophiala dermatitidis, agent of phaeohyphomycosis. Mycologia 73: 1181–1183

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiruma M, Kawada A, Ohata T, Ohnishi Y, Takahashi H, Yamazaki M, Ishibashi A, Hatsuse K, Kakihara M & Yoshida M (1993) Systemic phaeohyphomycosis caused byExophiala dermatitidis. Mycoses 36: 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Honbo S, Padhye AA & Ajello L (1984) The relationship ofCladosporium carrionii toCladophialophora ajelloi. Sabouraudia 22: 209–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs CW & Szaniszlo PJ (1982) Microtubule function and its relation to cellular development and the yeast cell cycle inWangiella dermatitidis. Arch Microbiol. 133: 155–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Janex-Favre MC (1988) Étude ontogénique et structurale des périthèces duDictyotrichiella semiimmersa Candoussau et Sulmont (Pyrenomycetes, Herpotrichiellaceae). Crypt. Mycol. 9: 133–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Jotisankasa V, Nielsen HS & Conant NF (1970)Phialophora dermatitidis; its morphology and biology. Sabouraudia 8: 98–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Kano K (1937) Über die Chromoblastomykose durch einen noch nicht als pathogen beschriebenen Pilz:Hormiscium dermatitidis n. sp. Arch. Dermatol. Syph. 176: 282–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Kusenbach G, Skopnik H, Haase G, Friedrichs F & Doehmen H (1992)Exophiala dermatitidis pneumonia in cystic fibrosis. Eur. J. Pediatr. 151: 344–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto T & Matsuda T (1984) Potentially pathogenic black yeasts update. Rinsho Derma, Tokyo 26: 1175–1187

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto T, Matsuda T & McGinnis MR (1990) A previously undescribed synanamorph ofWangiella dermatitidis. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 28: 437–444

    Google Scholar 

  • McGinnis MR (1977)Wangiella, a new genus to accommodateHormiscium dermatitidis. Mycotaxon 5: 353–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza L, Karuppayil SM & Szaniszlo PJ (1993) Calcium regulatesin vitro dimorphism in chromoblastomycotic fungi. Mycoses 36: 157–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizoue J, Yamashita K & Kawakami I (1959) Chromoblastomycosis occurring in the oral mucosa and its causative fungus. Jibi-Inko Ka Rinsho 52: 715–726. (In Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Muotoe-Okafor FA & Gugnani HC (1993) Isolation ofLecythophora mutabilis andWangiella dermatitidis from the fruit eating bat,Eidolon helvum. Mycopathologia 122: 95–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura K & Miyaji M (1982) Studies on a saprophyte ofExophiala dermatitidis isolated from a humidifier. Mycopathologia 77: 173–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura K & Miyaji M (1985) Further studies on the phylogenesis of the genusExophiala andHortaea. Mycopathologia 92: 101–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura K, Miyaji M, Taguchi H & Tanaka R (1987) Fungi in bathwater and sludge of bathroom drainpipes. I. Frequent isolation ofExophiala species. Mycopathologia 97: 17–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Oujezdsky KB, Grove SN & Szaniszlo PJ (1973) Morphological and structural changes during yeast-to-mold conversion ofPhialophora dermatitidis. J. Bact. 113: 468–477

    Google Scholar 

  • Oujezdsky KB & Szaniszlo PJ (1973) Conjugation in the dimorphic chromomycosis fungusPhialophora dermatitidis. J. Bact. 114: 1356–1358

    Google Scholar 

  • Oujezdsky KB & Szaniszlo PJ (1974) Conidial ontogeny inPhialophora dermatitidis. Mycologia 66: 537–542

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiss NR & Mok WY (1979)Wangiella dermatitidis isolated from bats in Manaus, Brazil. Sabouraudia 17: 213–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts RL, Lo RJ & Szaniszlo PJ (1979) Nuclear division in temperature-sensitive multicellular mutants ofWangiella dermatitidis. J. Bact. 137: 1456–1458

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimazono Y, Isaki K, Torii H & Otsuka R (1963) Brain abscess due toHormodendrum dermatitidis (Kano) Conant, 1953: report of a case and review of the literature. Folia Psych. Neurol. Jap. 14: 80–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugawara M, Sobajima Y & Tamura H (1964) A case of generalized chromoblastomycosis. Acta Pathol. Jap. 14: 239–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Szaniszlo PJ, Hsieh PH & Marlowe JD (1976) Induction and ultrastructure of the multicellular (sclerotic) morphology inPhialophora dermatitidis. Mycologia 68: 117–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Szaniszlo PJ, Mendoza L & Karuppayil SM (1993) Clues about chromoblastomycotic and other dematiaceous fungal pathogens based onWangiella as a model. In: Vanden Bossche H (Ed): Dimorphic Fungi in Biology and Medicine, pp. 241–255. Plenum, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Untereiner WA (1994) A simple method for thein vitro production of pseudothecia in species ofCapronia. Mycologia (in press)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

de Hoog, G.S., Takeo, K., Yoshida, S. et al. Pleoanamorphic life cycle ofExophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 65, 143–153 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00871755

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00871755

Key words

Navigation