Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative toxic and sublethal effects of fluvalinate on two-spotted spider mite and European red mite

  • Published:
Experimental & Applied Acarology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Four fluvalinate formulations differed in their residual toxicity to female two-spotted spider mite (TSM), Tetranychus urticae adults; the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) was the most toxic. In contrast, there was little difference in toxicity between the formulations with the European red mite (ERM) Panonychus ulmi with the exception of the EC formulation which was the least toxic. Fluvalinate 2F caused minimal (<10%) TSM and ERM egg mortality. Fluvalinate 2F was more toxic and caused greater larval dispersal for the TSM compared to the ERM at the field concentration and below. The toxicity of fluvalinate 2F to TSM and ERM protonymphs, deutonymphs and adults was low, approximately <20% at field concentration. Dispersal was the main response to fluvalinate and this was positively correlated with increasing concentration. The combined mortality and dispersal LC50 was five times lower for ERM protonymphs and adults, but 11 times higher for ERM deutonymphs compared to equivalent TSM life stages. Fluvalinate 2F reduced TSM development from the protonymph and deutonymph stages to a greater extent compared to the ERM. The mortality response to fluvalinate 2F was unaffected by host type (peach or apple) for the TSM whereas ERM mortality was higher on apple compared to peach. TSM dispersal was higher from apple compared to peach whereas ERM dispersal was similar on both host types. Oviposition by both mite species was lower on apple than peach leaves. A 1 h exposure to fluvalinate 2F reduced ERM oviposition for 12 days.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aliniazee M.T. 1982. Effect of two synthetic pyrethroids on a predatory mite Typhlodromus arboreus in apple orchards of Western Oregon. In Acarology VI, Vol. 2, D.A. Griffiths and C.C. Bowman (eds), pp. 655–658. Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aliniazee M.T. and Cranham J.E. 1980. Effect of four synthetic pyrethroids on a predatory mite, Typhlodromus pyri and its prey Panonychus ulmi, on apples in South East England. Environ. Entomol. 9: 436–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon 1984. Mavrik-Insecticide with Acaricidal Activity. Technical Bulletin, Crop Protection Division, Zoecon Corporation, Palo Alto, CA.

  • Anon 1991. In The pesticide manual, 9th edn, C.R. Worthing and R.J. Hance (eds). The British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey J.R. 1982. Demography of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Oecologia (Berl.) 52: 389–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox J.R. 1989. Diversity of use of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in crop protection. Pestic. Outlook 1(5): 26–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan D.B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11: 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerson U. and Cohen E. 1989. Resurgences of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) induced by synthetic pyrethroids. Exp. Appl. Acaral. 6: 29–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough N. and Qayyum A. 1987. Trials of miticides against TSM and broad mite on fuchsias with comments on phytotoxicity. Queensland J. Agricult. Animal Sci. 44: 21–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall F.R. 1977. Insecticide and acaricide tests on apple for control of Panonychus ulmi. Insect. Acar. Tests 2: 18–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall F.R. 1979. Effects of synthetic pyrethroids on major insect and mite population pests of apple. J. Econ. Entomol. 72: 441–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall F.R. 1986. Effect of droplet formulation parameters on pest control efficiency. In Pesticide formulation and application systems, L.D. Spicer and T.M. Kaneko (eds), pp. 23–28. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, A.J. 1987. A phenology model of the ERM for timing miticides. Proc. 40 NZ Weed Pest Control Conf.: 90–94.

  • Herbert H.J. 1981a. Biology, life tables and innate capacity to increase of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Can. Entomol. 113: 65–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbert H.J. 1981b. Biology, life tables and innate capacity to increase of the twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Can. Entomol. 113: 371–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J.M. 1991. Toxic and sub-lethal effects of selected pyrethroid insecticides on spider mites. PhD thesis Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland J.M. and Chapman R.B. 1994. A comparison of the toxic and sub-lethal effects of fluvalinate and esfenvalerate on the twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 18: 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J.M., Chapman, R.B. and Penman, D.R. 1994a. Response of two-spotted spider mite to pyrethoid residues on leaf surfaces. Proceedings of the 5th Australian Applied Entomology Research Conference, 27th April-1st May 1992, Canberra, Australia.

  • Holland J.M., Chapman R.B. and Penman D.R. 1994b. Effects of fluvalinate on two-spotted spider mite dispersal, fecundity and feeding. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 71: 145–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyt S.C., Westigard P.H. and Burts E.C. 1978. Effects of two synthetic pyrethroid insecticides on the codling moth, pear psylla and various mite species in North West apple and pear orchards. J. Econ. Entomol. 71: 431–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huffaker C.B., Van De Vrie M. and McMurtry J.A. 1969. The ecology of tetranychid mites and their natural control. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 14: 125–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull L.A. and Starner V.R. 1983. Impact of four synthetic pyrethroids on major natural enemies and pests of apple in Pennsylvania. J. Econ. Entomol. 76: 122–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iftner, D.C. 1983. Factors involving synthetic pyrethroid induced phytophagous mite outbreaks on apple. PhD thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iftner D.C. and Hall F.R. 1983. Effects of fenvalerate and permethrin on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) dispersal behaviour. Environ. Entomol., 12: 1782–1786.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iftner D.C. and Hall F.R. 1984. The effects of fenvalerate and permethrin residues on Tetranychus urticae Koch fecundity and rate of development. J. Agricult. Entomol. 1: 191–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones V.P. and Parrella M.P. 1984. The sublethal effects of selected insecticides on the table parameters of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae). Can. Entomol. 116: 1033–1040.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowles C.O., Errampalli D.D. and El-Sayed G.N. 1988. Comparative toxicities of selected pesticides to bulb mite (Acari: Acaridae) and twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 81: 1586–1591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewontin R.C. 1965. Selection for colonizing ability. In The genetics of colonizing species, H.G. Baker and G.L. Stebbins (eds), pp. 77–91. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penman D.R. and Chapman R.B. 1988. Pesticide-induced mite outbreaks; pyrethroids and spider mites. Exp. Appl. Acarol., 4: 265–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathman R.J., Beers E.H., Flexner J.L. Riedl H., Hoyt S.C., Westigard P.H. and Knight A.L. 1990. Baseline bioassays with hexythiazox and chlofentizine of three mite species (Acari: Tetranychidae) occurring on Washington and Oregon tree fruits. J. Econ. Entomol. 83: 1711–1714.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed D.K. and Mouzin T.E., 1981. Apple insect control, 1980. Insect. Acar. Tests. 6: 26–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riedl H. and Hoying S.A. 1983. Toxicity and residual activity of fenvalerate to Typhlodromus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and its prey Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on pear. Can. Entomol. 115 (7): 807–813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson J.L. and Preisler H., 1992. Pesticide Bioassays with Arthropods. CRC Press, Baco Rato, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roush R.T. and Hoy M.A. 1978. Relative toxicity of permethrin to a predator, Metaseiulus occidentalis and its prey Tetranychus urticae. Environ. Entomol. 7: 287–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell R.M., Robertson J.L. and Savin N.E. 1977. POLO: a new computer programme for probit analysis. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am. 23: 209–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute Inc. 1989. User's Guide, 2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smitley D.R. and Kennedy G.G. 1985. Photo-orientated aerial-dispersal behaviour of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) enhances escape from the leaf surface. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 78: 609–614.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snell T.W. 1978. Fecundity, development time and population growth rate. Oecologia 32: 119–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thwaite W.G. 1991. Resistance to clofentizine and hexythiazox in Panonychus ulmi from apples in Australia. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 11: 73–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Impe G. 1987. Study of the action of ten acaricides in relation to the sex-linked differential susceptibility in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Meded. Fac. Landouwwet. Rijksuniv. Gent. 52: 545–554.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong S.W. and Chapman R.B. 1979. Toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides to predacious phytoseiid mites and their prey. Aust. J. Agricult. Res. 30: 497–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zar J.H. 1984. Comparing simple linear regression equations. In Biostatistical analysis, pp. 292–305. Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwick R.W. and Fields G.J. 1978. Field and laboratory evaluations of fenvalerate against several insect and mite pests of apple and pear in Oregan. J. Econ. Entomol. 71: 793–796.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Game Conservancy Trust, SP6 1EF, Fordingbridge, Hampshire, UK

    J. M. Holland

  2. Department of Entomology and Animal Ecology, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Canterbury, New Zealand

    R. B. Chapman

Authors
  1. J. M. Holland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. B. Chapman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Holland, J.M., Chapman, R.B. Comparative toxic and sublethal effects of fluvalinate on two-spotted spider mite and European red mite. Exp Appl Acarol 19, 549–570 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048811

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048811

Key words

Search

Navigation