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Histology of roots of resistant and susceptible carnation cultivars from soil infested with fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi

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Abstract

Fusarium wilt-resistant ‘Novada’ and wilt-susceptible ‘Early Sam’ carnations were planted in soil infested withFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi, and their roots studied after five and ten weeks. Both in ‘Novada’ and ‘Early Sam’, the extravascular tissue of undamaged young root parts were scarsely colonized. In roots of ‘Novada’, infected xylem vessels were usually occluded with gums and surrounded by phellem tissue. In mature parts of roots, the phellem surrounding occluded vessels often merged with the external phellem surrounding the vascular cylinder, after which the occluded vessels were shed from the roots. The phellem at the root surface appeared to be a strong barrier to fungal invasion. In roots of ‘Early Sam’ carnations, as well as in a few roots of ‘Novada’ carnations, the defence responses did not result in compartmentation of the fungus, and colonization and degradation of the vascular tissues followed. Diseased roots finally healthy. Shoots of ‘Early Sam’ carnations, and eventually a few shoots of ‘Novada’ carnations, were colonized and developed wilt symptoms.

Samenvatting

Resistente ‘Novada’ en vatbare ‘Early Sam’ anjers werden geplant in grond besmet metFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi. Na vijf en tien weken werden de wortels van de planten bestudeerd. De extravasculaire delen van onbeschadigde jonge wortelgedeelten waren in beide cultivars nauwelijks gekoloniseerd. In de wortels van ‘Novada’ waren geïnfecteerde houtvaten meestal verstopt door gommen en omgeven door kurkweefsel. In oudere wortelgedeelten sloot het kurkweefsel rond verstopte vaten vaak aan op het kurkweefsel aan de buitenkant van het vaatweefsel, waarna de aangetaste vaten werden uitgestoten uit de wortel. Het kurkweefsel aan het worteloppervlak leek een belangrijke barrière te vormen tegen het binnendringen van de schimmel. In de wortels van ‘Early Sam’ en in enkele wortels van ‘Novada’ mislukte het afweerproces, en werd het vaatweefsel door de schimmel gekoloniseerd en vervolgens afgebroken. Aangetaste wortels werden na afloop van tijd hol. De bovengrondse delen van de meeste ‘Novada’ anjers werden niet gekoloniseerd en bleven gezond. De bovengrondse delen van de ‘Early Sam’ anjers, en op den duur die van enkele ‘Novada’ anjers, werden gekoloniseerd en verwelkten.

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Baayen, R.P., Van Eijk, C. & Elgersma, D.M. Histology of roots of resistant and susceptible carnation cultivars from soil infested with fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 95, 3–13 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02000875

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