Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance has developed into a very powerful technique to study the structure and dynamics of atomic and molecular systems, both in liquid and solid phase. However the investigation of single crystal surfaces with “conventional” NMR methods is essentially impossible due to the small sample size of less than 1015 sites on a cm2. To overcome this for the important class of alkali adsorbates on metals and semiconductors, two methods are presented. Common to both is the preparation of a highly nuclear spin polarized atomic beam of 6Li in the one case and 8Li in the other. The latter isotope is radioactive and undergoes a \beta‐decay with a halflife of 0.84 s. Li adsorbed on the close packed Ru(001) surface is investigated. The T{in1} relaxation rate is the main observable and is used to deduce the local electronic density of states (LDOS(EF,r=0)) and the Li diffusion barriers at low and high adsorbate coverage. The second experiment uses 6Li as an adsorbate, also studied on Ru(001). The nuclear polarization is measured by beam foil spectroscopy. A novel particle detected (photon counting) Fourier‐Transform NMR technique is demonstrated, by observing the time dependent flux of circularly polarized light emitted behind the foil after a 90\circ‐pulse has been employed at the surface. Development and prospects of the latter technique are presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Abragam, The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism(Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1961).
C.P. Slichter, Principles of Magnetic Resonance, 3rd edn. (Springer, Berlin, 1989).
P.T. Callaghan, Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy(Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993); 1st ed. 1991.
E.O. Stejskal and J.D. Memory, High Resolution NMR in the Solid State(Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994).
C.P. Slichter, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 37 (1986) 25.
W. Widdra, M. Detje, H.-D. Ebinger, H.J. Jänsch, W. Preyß, H. Reich, R. Veith, D. Fick, M. Röckelein and H.-G. Völk, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66 (1995) 2465.
M. Detje, M. Röckelein, W. Preyß, H.-D. Ebinger, H.J. Jänsch, H. Reich, R. Veith, W. Widdra and D. Fick, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 (1995) 2532.
H.J. Jänsch, H. Arnolds, H.D. Ebinger, C. Polenz, B. Polivka, G.J. Pietsch, W. Preyß, V. Saier, R. Veith and D. Fick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 120.
H.-D. Ebinger, H.J. Jänsch, C. Polenz, B. Polivka, W. Preyß, V. Saier, R. Veith and D. Fick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 656.
H. Arnolds, PhD Thesis, Philipps-Universität (1996).
H. Ackermann, P. Heitjans and H.-J. Stöckmann, in: Hyperfine Interactions of Radioactive Nuclei, ed. J. Christiansen (Springer, Berlin, 1983).
D.L. Doering and S. Semancik, Surf. Sci. 175 (1986) L730.
H.J. Jänsch, C. Huang, A. Ludviksson and R.M. Martin, Surf. Sci. 315 (1994) 9.
M. Gierer, H. Over, H. Bludau and G. Ertl, Phys. Rev. B 52 (1995) 2927.
D. Fick, Appl. Phys. A 49 (1989) 343.
W. Mannstadt and G. Grawert Phys. Rev. B 52 (1995) 5343.
A. Körblein, P. Heitjans, H.-J. Stöckmann, F. Fujara, H. Ackermann, W. Buttler, K. Dörr and H. Grupp, J. Phys. F 15 (1985) 561.
D.M. Riffe, G.K. Wertheim and P.H. Citrin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990) 571.
G.K. Wertheim, D.M. Riffe and P.H. Citrin, Phys. Rev. B 49 (1994) 4834.
A.B. Andrews, D.M. Riffe and G.K. Wertheim, Phys. Rev. B 49 (1994) 8396.
J. Bormet, J. Neugebauer and M. Scheffler, Phys. Rev. B 49 (1994) 17242.
G.A. Benesh and D.A. King, Chem. Phys. Lett. 191 (1992) 315.
T. Minamisono, T. Ohtsubo, I. Minami, S. Fukuda, A. Kitagawa, M. Fukuda, K. Matsuta, Y. Nojiri, S. Takeda, H. Sagawa and H. Kitagawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992) 2058.
N. Bloembergen, E.M. Purcell and R.V. Pound, Phys. Rev. 73 (1948) 679.
P.M. Richards, Solid State Commun. 25 (1995) 1019.
W. Küchler, P. Heitjans, A. Payer and R. Schöllborn, Solid State Ionics 70/71 (1994) 434.
H.P. Bonzel, A.M. Bradshaw and G. Ertl (eds.), Physics and Chemistry of Alkali Adsorption(Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989).
M. Gierer, H. Over, H. Bludau and G. Ertl, Surf. Sci. 337 (1995) 198.
R. Gomer, Rep. Prog. Phys. 53 (1990) 917.
M. Kaack and D. Fick, Phys. Rev. B 51 (1995) 17902.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jänsch, H. Single crystal surfaces probed by polarized nuclei. Hyperfine Interactions 106, 219–228 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012658411960
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012658411960