Skip to main content
Log in

A serum-free [3H]thymidine incorporation assay for the detection of transforming growth factors

  • Published:
Journal of tissue culture methods

Summary

A rapid mitogenic assay suitable for the detection of transforming growth factors in the extracts of tissues or cells or in the medium conditioned by tumor cells in vitro is described. The method utilizes a nontumorigenic mouse embryo cell line (AKR-2B cells) maintained in serum-free conditions. Three classes of growth factors can be distinguished using this assay.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abraham, R. T.; Swanson-Hsu, B. M.; Moses, H. L., et al. Regulation of gene expression and proliferation in mouse AKR-2B cells by polypeptide growth factors, phorbol esters and diacylglycerol. Submitted to J. Cell. Physiol. 1987.

  2. Assoian, R. K.; Komoriya, A.; Meyers, C. A.: et al. Transforming growth factor-B in human platelets: Identification of a major storage site, purification and characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 258:7155–7160; 1983.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Coffey, R. J., Jr.; Shipley, G. D.; Moses, H. L. Production of transforming growth factors by human colon cancer lines. Cancer Res. 46:2068–2071; 1986.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Derynck, R.; Roberts, A. B.; Winkler, M. E., et al. Human transforming growth factor-alpha: Precursor structure and expression in E. coli. Cell 38:287–297; 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Derynck, R.; Jarrett, J. A.; Chen, E. Y., et al. Human transforming growth factor-beta cDNA sequence and expression in tumor cell lines. Nature 316:701–705; 1985.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Goustin, A. S.; Leof, E. B.; Shipley, G. D.; et al. Growth factors and cancer. Cancer Res. 46:1015–1029; 1986.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lobb, R. R.; Harper, J. W.; Fett, J. W. Purification of heparinbinding growth factors. Anal. Biochem. 154:1–14; 1986.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Marquardt, H.; Hunkapiller, M. W.; Hood, L. E., et al. Transforming growth factors produced by retrovirus-transformed rodent fibroblasts and human melanoma cells: Amino acid sequence homology with epidermal growth factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4684–4688; 1983.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Moses, H. L.; Branum, E. B.; Proper, J. A., et al. Transforming growth factor production by chemically transformed cells. Cancer Res. 41:2842–2848; 1981.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Moses, H. L.; Childs, C. B.; Halper, J., et al. Role of transforming growth factors in neoplastic transformation. In: Veneziale, C. M., ed., Control of cell growth and proliferation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.; 1984:147–167.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Moses, H. L.; Tucker, R. F.; Leof, E. B., et al. Type beta transforming growth factor is a growth stimulator and a growth inhibitor. Cancer Cells 3:65–71; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rizzino, A. Behavior of transforming growth factors in serum-free media: An improved assay for transforming growth factors. In Vitro 20:815–822; 1984.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rizzino, A.; Ruff, E.; Rizzino, H. Induction and modulation of anchorage-independent growth by platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta. Cancer Res. 46:2816–2820; 1986.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Roberts, A. B.; Lamb, L. C.; Newton, D. L., et al. Transforming growth factors: Isolation of polypeptides from virally and chemically transformed cells by acid/ethanol extraction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:3494–3498; 1980.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Roberts, A. B.; Anzano, M. A.; Wakefield, L. M., et al. Type B transforming growth factor: A bifunctional regular of cellular growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:119–123; 1985.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Shipley, G. D.; Ham R. G. Improved medium and culture conditions for clonal growth with minimal serum protein and for enhanced serum-free survival of Swiss 3T3 cells. In Vitro 17:656–670; 1981.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Shipley, G. D.; Childs, C. B.: Volkenant, M. E., et al. Differential effects of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor, and insulin on DNA and protein synthesis and morphology in serum-free cultures of AKR-2B cells. Cancer Res. 44:710–716; 1984.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Shipley, G. D.; O'Sullivan, D.; Swanson, B. M., et al. Isolation of pituitary-derived fibroblast growth factor (FGF) by heparin agarose chromatography and its effect on gene expression in mouse AKR-2B cells. Fed. Proc. 44:626; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Shipley, G. D.; Tucker, R. F.; Moses, H. L. Type B-transforming growth factor/growth inhibitor stimulates entry of monolayer cultures of AKR-2B cells into S phase after a prolonged prereplicative interval. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:4147–4151; 1985.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Shipley, G. D.; Pittelkow, M. R.; Wille, J. J., Jr., et al. Reversible inhibition of normal human prokeratinocyte proliferation by Type B transforming growth factors-growth inhibitor in serum-free medium. Cancer Res. 46:2068–2071; 1986.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Sparks, R. L.; Estervig, D. N.; Scott, R. E. Differentiation control and the suppression of carcinogenesis. In: Colburn, H. L.; Moses, H. L.; Stanbridge, E. J., eds. Growth factors, tumor promoters and cancer genes. New York: Alan R. Liss. Inc.; 1986: in press.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Sporn, M. B.; Todaro, G. J. Autoerine secretion and malignant transformation of cells. N. Engl. J. Med. 303: 878–880; 1980.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sporn, M. B.; Roberts, A. B.; Wakefield, L. M., et al. Transforming growth factor-beta: Biological function and chemical structure. Science 223:532–534; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Todaro, G. J.; Fryling, C.; DeLarco, J. E. Transforming growth factors produced by certain human tumor cells: Polypeptides that interact with epidermal growth factor receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:5258–5262; 1980.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Tucker, R. F.; Shipley, G. D.; Moses, H. L., et al. Growth inhibitor from BSC-1 cells closely related to the platelet type beta transforming growth factor. Science 226:705–707; 1984.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Wille, J. J., Jr.; Pittelkow, M. R.; Shipley, G. D., et al. Integrated control of growth and differentiation of normal human prokeratinocytes cultured in serum-free medium: Clonal analysis, growth kineties, and cell cycle studies. J. Cell. Physiol. 121:31–44; 1984.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shipley, G.D. A serum-free [3H]thymidine incorporation assay for the detection of transforming growth factors. Journal of Tissue Culture Methods 10, 117–123 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01404602

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01404602

Key words

Navigation