Abstract
Rain water samples were collected at New Delhi during the monsoon of 1994 at a height of 30 m above the ground level using a wet-only collector. Simultaneously, bulk samples from two different heights at 30 m and 13 m were collected. Frequency distribution of pH in wet-only samples revealed that rain was mostly alkaline Four out of 23 events were observed to be acidic where the ratio of (Ca+Mg+NH4)/(SO4+NO3) was very low. pH and ionic constituents were higher in bulk samples than in wet-only samples. On an average, the concentration in bulk samples at 30m height exceeded the wet-only samples by 13% while bulk samples collected at 13m height had 19% higher concentration than the bulk samples at 30m height and 32% higher than wet-only. The acidity of ram water was mainly contributed by sulphuric acid rather than nitric acid. At the height of 30 m, the acidity was primarily neutralized by NH4 while at 13 m height, it was buffered by Ca and Mg indicating the influence of dust particles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aggarwal M., and Varshney C.K.: 1993,Proc. of International Conference on Regional Environment and Climate Changes in East Asia, Nov. 30– Dec. 3, 137–141.
Charlson R.J. and Rodhe H.: 1982,Nature,295, 683–685.
Dean A.H. and Hobbs P.V.: 1981,Atmos. Environ.,15, 1597–1604.
Gillet R.W. et al.: 1992,Proc. of 2 ndCAAP/IGAC/IGBP Workshop, Bombay, Sep.29–Oct.2.
Granat L.: 1972,Tellus,24, 550–560.
Granat L. et al.: 1992,Proc. of 2 ndCAAP/IGAC/IGBP Workshop, Bombay, Sep. 29–Oct.2.
Handa B.K. et al.: 1982,Mausam,33, 485–488.
Khemani L.T. et al.: 1985,Water, Air and Soil Pollut. 24, 365–376.
Khemani L.T. et al.: 1989,Atmos. Environ. 23, 753–756.
Kulshrestha U.C. et al.: 1991,J. Indian Assoc. for Environ. Management,18, 161–164.
Kulshrestha U.C. et al.: 1995,Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,34, 1–11.
Meiyuan H. et al.: 1993,Proc. of the International Conference on Regional Environ. and Climate Change in East Asia. November 30 – December 3, 334–338.
Naik M.S. et al.: 1988.Acta Met. Sinica,2, 91–99.
Safai P.D. et al.: 1993,Indian. J. Radio & Space Physics,22, 56–61.
Saxena A. et al.: 1991,Environmental Pollution,74, 129–138.
Seinfeld J.H.: 1986,Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics of Air Pollution. Wiley, NY.
Singer A. et al.: 1993,Atmos Environ.,27, 2287–2293.
Strapp J.W.: 1988,J. Geophy. Res.,93, 3760–3772.
Varma G.S.: 1989,Atmos. Environ.,23, 2773–2778.
Warneck P. (ed): 1988,Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, Academic Press, New York.
Weatherburn M.W.: 1967,Anal. Chem. 39, 971–974.
Yoshizumi K. and Asakuno K.: 1986,Atmos. Environ.,20, 151–155.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kulshrestha, U.C., Sarkar, A.K., Srivastava, S.S. et al. Wet-only and bulk deposition studies at New Delhi (India). Water Air Soil Pollut 85, 2137–2142 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01186150
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01186150