Summary
Variation in the population sizes of rhizobia that are capable of nodulating cowpeas and two soybean cultivars with different symbiotic promiscuities was assessed at three locations in West Africa. Maradi, in Niger, is subject to temperature extremes and prolonged drought; the soil contained fewer rhizobia than those at Onne and at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture both of which are located in the humid zone of Nigeria. Numbers of rhizobia, especially of cowpea rhizobia in the top 15 cm six weeks after planting, were significantly higher in fields cropped to cowpeas than fallow soil, indicating that cowpea crops built up the population of compatible rhizobia in the root zone.Bradyrhizobium japonicum specific for American soybean cultivars had the smallest population at all three locations, confirming the need for inoculating these cultivars with appropriate rhizobia in tropical soils. In fallow plots, in the absence of the host plant, rhizobial population sizes remained stable for four years.
Résumé
Ce travail concerne l'étude des variations de populations deRhizobium capables de faire noduler le cowpea et deux cultivars de soja soumis à des environnements différents. A Maradi, au Niger, localité éxposée à des températures extrêmes et à une sécheresse prolongée, le sol contient moins deRhizobium qu'à Onne et à l'Institut International d'Agriculture Tropicale, lesquels sont situés dans la zone humide du Nigéria. Six semaines après les semailles, lesRhizobium sont sensiblement plus nombreux dans les champs de cowpea que dans les jachères, ce qui indique que la culture de cowpea entraîne le développement deRhizobium compatibles dans la couche racinaire des 15 centimètres superficiels.Bradyrhizobium japonicum, qui est spécifique des cultivars de soja américain, est la population la plus faible dans les trois sites, confirmant ainsi la nécessité dans les sols tropicaux d'inoculer ces cultivars avec desRhizobium appropriés. En jachère, c'est à dire en l'absence de plante-hôte, les populations rhizobiennes sont restées stables pendant quatre années.
Resumen
Se estudió la variación en el tamaño de población deRhizobium capaces de nodular en caupíes y en dos cultivars de soja con distintos requerimientos simbióticos, en tres localidades del Oeste de Africa. Maradi, en Nigeria es un lugar con un régimen de temperaturas extremas y sequía prolongada; en este lugar el suelo contenía menor número deRhizobium comparado con las poblaciones encontradas en Onne y en le Instituto Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, ambos lugares situados en la zona húmeda de Nigeria. La población deRhizobium, especialmente deRhizobium associados a caupíes, era significativamente superior en aquellos campos que habían sido cultivados que en las parcelas dejadas en barbecho, indicando con ello que el cultivo de caupíes aumenta la población rizosférica deRhizobium compatibles.Bradyrhizobium japonicum, específico para los cultivars americanos de soja, era el menos abundante en las tres localidades estudiadas, confirmándose así la necesidad de inocular dichos cultivars con elRhizobium apropiado en suelos tropicales. En las parcelas en barbecho, en ausencia de planta huésped, las poblaciones deRhizobium se mantuvieron establizadas durante 4 años.
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Mulongoy, K., Ayanaba, A. Dynamics of the population sizes of cowpea and soybean rhizobia at three locations in West Africa. Mircen Journal 2, 301–308 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00933496
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00933496