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The biodegradation of a biopolymeric additive in building materials

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Abstract

A summary is given of a series of studies performed in order to explain one cause of bad odour and spoilage of floor covering materials (‘sick building syndrome’). Bad odours as well as spoilage of floor covering materials, i.e. blackening etc., inside buildings with self-levelling concrete containing casein are due to the biodegradation of the protein molecule by different species ofClostridia, which have adapted themselves to the extreme environment, i.e. a high pH and a relatively low temperature (pH 12 and 17°C). These new characteristics ofClostridia make it possible, under these extreme conditions, for theClostridia to degrade the casein molecule to volatile organic acids and monoamines. Organic acids such as propionic acid, butyric acid etc, and monoamines such as triethylamine, di-iso-butylamine etc. have been detected in biodegraded concrete. The monoamines are odorous and contribute strongly to the bad odour experienced inside some buildings constructed between 1979 and 1982. The acids are chemically bound in the concrete and can therefore not be observed as bad odour. A simulation of the biodegradative attack on concrete showed that the same acids were produced in the laboratory (in vitro) as the one detected in the floor covered with concrete.

Résumé

On résume une série d'études destinées à déterminer la cause de l'odeur désagréable et de la détérioration de matériaux de revêtements de sols (‘sick building syndrome”).

Les odeurs désagréables et la détérioration des revêtements de sols, c'est-à-dire le noircissement, etc... dans des bâtiments où pour la confection de chapes on s'est servi d'un béton contenant de la caséine sont imputables à la biodégradation de la molécule de protéine par différentes espèces deClostridia, qui se sont adaptées aux conditions extrêmes (haut pH: 12 et températures relativement basses: 17°C). Ces nouvelles propriétés desClostridia leur permenttent dans ces conditions extrêmes de transformer la molécule de caséine en acides organiques volatiles et en monoamines.

On a discerné des acides organiques, tels que l'acide propionique, butyrique, etc... et des monoamines comme la triéthylène et di-iso-butylamine dans le béton biodétérioré. Les monoamines sont odorigènes et contribuent largement à l'odeur désagréable qui se dégage dans certains bâtiments construits entre 1979 et 1982. Les acides se trouvent chimiquement liés dans le béton. On ne peut donc les déceler par leur odeur désagréable. Une simulation de l'attaque du béton par une action biodégradante a montré qu'on obtenait en laboratoire (in vitro) les mêmes acides que ceux dont la présence avait été détectée dans un sol recouvert de béton.

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Karlsson, S., Albertsson, AC. The biodegradation of a biopolymeric additive in building materials. Materials and Structures 23, 352–357 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472714

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