Skip to main content
Log in

Thermal and nonequilibrium responses of superconductors for radiation detectors

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Superconductivity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work summarizes the progress in the study of the superconductor response to optical radiation and in the development of infrared detectors. The recent advances in the design of high-T c superconducting radiation detectors using silicon microfabrication technology are emphasized. Thermal and optical properties important for the detector performance are discussed. The mechanism of the nonequilibrium optical response and its potential use to build fast and sensitive radiation detectors are described. Future challenges and opportunities in the development of high-T c superconducting radiation detectors are highlighted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. L. Richards, J. Clarke, R. Leoni, Ph. Lerch, S. Verghese, M. R. Beasley, T. H. Geballe, R. H. Hammond, P. Rosenthal and S. R. Spielman,Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 283 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Clarke, G. I. Hoffer, P. L. Richards and N.-H. Yeh,J. Appl. Phys. 48, 4865 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  3. P. W. Kruse,Semicond. Sci. Technol. 5, S229 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Frenkel,Physica C 180, 251 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  5. I. A. Khrebtov,Sov. J. Opt. Technol. 58, 261 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. E. Sauvageau, D. G. McDonald and E. N. Grossman,IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 2757 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. G. McDonald,Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 775 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  8. J. Brasunas, B. Lakew and C. Lee,J. Appl. Phys. 71, 3639 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. I. Flik, Z. M. Zhang and K. E. Goodson,Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2862 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. L. Carr, M. Quijada, D. B. Tanner, C. J. Hirschmugl, G. P. Williams, S. Etemad, B. Dutta, F. DeRosa, A. Inam, T. Venkatesan and X. Xi,Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2725 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  11. C. G. Levey, S. Etemad and A. Inam,Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 126 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  12. S. Verghese, P. L. Richards, K. Char, D. K. Fork and T. H. Geballe,J. Appl. Phys. 71, 2491 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  13. B. R. Johnson, T. Ohnstein, C. J. Han, R. Higashi, P. W. Kruse, R. A. Wood, H. Marsh and S. B. Dunham,IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 3, 2856 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. Frenkel,Phys. Rev. B 48, 9717 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  15. R. A. Smith, F. E. Jones and R. P. Chasmar,The Detection and Measurement of Infra-Red Radiation, 2nd edn. (Oxford University Press, London, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  16. V. L. Newhouse,Applied Superconductivity (Wiley, New York, 1964), Chap. 8.

    Google Scholar 

  17. F. J. Low and A. R. Hoffman,Appl. Opt. 2, 649 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. C. Jones,Proc. IRE 47, 1481 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  19. P. Rosenthal, R. H. Hammond, M. R. Beasley, R. Leoni, Ph. Lerch and J. Clarke,IEEE Trans. Magn. 25, 973 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  20. J. Brasunas and B. Lakew,Proc. SPIE 1477, 166 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  21. S. Verghese, P. L. Richards, K. Char and S. A. Sachtjen,IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 3077 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Lindgren, H. Ahlberg, A. Larsson, S. T. Eng and M. Danerud,Phys. Scr. 44, 105 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. Nahum, Q. Hu, P. L. Richards, S. A. Sachtjen, N. Newman and B. F. Cole,IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 3081 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  24. B. Dwir and D. Pavuna,J. Appl. Phys. 72, 3855 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. Frenkel, M. A. Saifi, T. Venkatesan, P. England, X. D. Wu and A. Inam,J. Appl. Phys. 67, 3054 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Q. Hu and P. L. Richards,Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 2444 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  27. K. Li, J. E. Johnson and B. W. Aker,J. Appl. Phys. 73, 1531 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  28. T. G. Stratton, B. E. Cole, P. W. Kruse, R. A. Wood, K. Beauchamp, T. F. Wang, B. Johnson and A. M. Goldman,Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 99 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  29. D. B. Fenner, Q. Li, W. D. Hamblen, M. E. Johansson, D. G. Hamblen, L. Lynds and J. I. Budnick,IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 3, 2104 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Q. Li, D. B. Fenner, W. D. Hamblen, and D. G. Hamblen,Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2428 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  31. C. A. Bang, M. I. Flik, M. A. Schmidt and Z. M. Zhang, United States Patent No. 5264375 (1993).

  32. C. A. Bang, J. P. Rice, M. I. Flik, D. A. Rudman and M. Schmidt,J. Microelectromech. Syst. 2, 160 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  33. T. P. Orlando and K. A. Delin,Foundations of Applied Superconductivity (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1991), Chap. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  34. B. I. Verkin, B. B. Banduryan, A. V. Bondarenko, V. G. Efremenko, V. A. Konovodchenko, M. A. Obolenskii and G. v. Shustakova,Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. 14, 387 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  35. D. Robbes, P. Langlois, C. Dolabdjian, D. Bloyet, J. F. Hamet and H. Murray,IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 3, 2123 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  36. A. Gilabert,Ann. Phys. Fr. 15, 255 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  37. K. E. Gray, ed.,Nonequilibrium Superconductivity, Phonons, and Kapitza Boundaries (Plenum Press, New York, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  38. D. N. Langenberg and A. I. Larkin, eds.,Nonequilibrium Superconductivity (North-Holland, Amsterdam, Holland, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. A. Pals, K. Weiss, P. M. T. M. van Attekum, R. E. Horstman, and J. Wolter,Phys. Rep. (review section ofPhys. Lett.)89, 323 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Y. Enomoto and T. Murakami,J. Appl. Phys. 59, 3807 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  41. T. Nishino, H. Nakane, Y. Tarutani, M. Hirano, T. Aida, S. Kominami, and U. Kawabe,Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 26, L1320 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. C. Culbertson, U. Strom, S. A. Wolf and W. W. Fuller,Phys. Rev. B 44, 9609 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  43. M. Leung, U. Strom, J. C. Culbertson, J. H. Claassen, S. A. Wolf and R. W. Simon,Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1961 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  44. D. P. Osterman, P. Marr, H. Dang, C.-T. Yao and M. Radparvar,IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 2681 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  45. D. P. Osterman, R. Patt and R. Madhavrao,IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 3, 2860 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  46. H. S. Kwok, J. P. Zheng, Q. Y. Ying and R. Rao,Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 2473 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  47. E. Zeldov, N. M. Amer, G. Koren and A. Gupta,Phys. Rev. B 39, 9712 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. Frenkel, M. A. Saifi, T. Venkatesan, C. Lin, X. D. Wu, and A. Inam,Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 1594 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  49. M. Johnson,Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 1371 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  50. A. D. Semenov, G. N. Gol'tsman, I. G. Gogidze, A. V. Sergeev, P. T. Lang and K. F. Renk,Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 903 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  51. R. S. Nebosis, R. Steinke, P. T. Lang, W. Schatz, M. A. Heus- inger, K.F. Renk, G. N. Gol'tsman, B. S. Karasik, A. D. Semenov, and E. M. Gershenzon,J. Appl. Phys. 72, 5496 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  52. A. Ghis, J. C. Villegier, S. Pfister, M. Nail and Ph. Gibert,Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 551 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  53. N. Bluzer,Phys. Rev. B 44, 10222 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  54. N. Bluzer,J. Appl. Phys. 71, 1336 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  55. S. G. Han, Z. V. Vardeny, K. S. Wong, O. G. Symko and G. Koren,Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2708 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  56. S. D. Brorson, A. Kazeroonian, D. W. Face, T. K. Cheng, G. L. Doll, M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, E. P. Ippen, T. Venkatesan, X. D. Wu and A. Inam,Solid State Commun. 74, 1305 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  57. J. M. Chwalek, C. Uher, J. F. Whitaker, G. A. Mourou, J. Agostinelli and M. Lelental,Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 1696 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  58. E. N. Grossman, D. G. McDonald and J. E. Sauvageau,IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 2677 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  59. S. I. Anisimov, B. L. Kapeliovich, and T. L. Perel'man,Sov. Phys. JETP 39, 375 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  60. T. Q. Qiu and C. L. Tien,Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 35, 719 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  61. A. Rothwarf and B. N. Taylor,Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 27 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  62. C. S. Owen and D. J. Scalapino,Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1559 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  63. M. I. Flik, P. E. Phelan, and C. L. Tien,Cryogenics 30, 1118 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  64. K. Fushinobu, P. E. Phelan, K. Hijikata, T. Nagasaki and M. I. Flik,J. Heat Transfer 116, 275 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Z. M. Zhang, R. U. Datla, S. R. Lorentz and H. C. Tang, to appear inJ. Heat Transfer (November, 1994).

  66. H. Neff,J. Appl. Phys. 69, 8375 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  67. P. E. Phelan, G. Chen and C. L. Tien,J. Heat Transfer 114, 227 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Z. M. Zhang, B. I. Choi, T. A. Le, M. I. Flik, M. P. Siegal and J.M. Philips,J. Heat Transfer 114, 644 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  69. P. E. Phelan, M. I. Flik and C. L. Tien,J. Heat Transfer 113, 487 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  70. D. C. Mattis and J. Bardeen,Phys. Rev. 111, 412 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  71. M. I. Flik, Z. M. Zhang, K. E. Goodson, M. P. Siegal and J. M. Phillips,Phys. Rev. B 46, 5606 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  72. K. F. Renk, inStudies of High-Temperature Superconductors, A. V. Narlikar, ed., Vol. 10 (Nova Science Publishers, New York, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  73. D. B. Tanner and T. Timusk, inPhysical Properties of High Temperature Superconductors, D. M. Ginsberg, ed., Vol. 3 (World Scientific, Singapore, 1992), pp. 363–469.

    Google Scholar 

  74. T. Timusk and D. B. Tanner, inPhysical Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors, D. M. Ginsberg, ed., Vol. 1 (World Scientific, Singapore, 1989), pp. 339–407.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Z. M. Zhang, T. A. Le, M. I. Flik and E. G. Cravalho,J. Heat Transfer 116, 253 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  76. J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper and J. R. Schrieffer,Phys. Rev. 108, 1175 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  77. W. Zimmermann, E. H. Brandt, M. Bauer, E. Seider and L. Genzel,Physica C 183, 99 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  78. R. T. Collins, Z. Schlesinger, F. Holtzberg and C. Feild,Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 422 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  79. S. L. Cooper, G. A. Thomas, J. Orenstein, D. H. Rapkine, M. Wapizzi, T. Timusk, A. J. Millis, L. F. Schneemeyer and J. V. Waszczak,Phys. Rev. B. 40, 11358 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  80. K. Kamaras, S. L. Herr, C. D. Porter, N. Tache, D. B. Tanner, S. Etemad, T. Venkatesan, E. Chase, A. Inam, X. D. Wu, M. S. Hegde and B. Dutta,Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 84 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  81. K. F. Renk, B. Gorshunov, J. Schützmann, A. Prückl, B. Brunner, J. Betz, S. Orbach, N. Klein, G. Müller and H. Piel,Europhys. Lett. 15 661 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  82. J. Schützmann, W. Ose, J. Keller, K. F. Renk, B. Roas, L. Schultz and G. Saemann-Ischenko,Europhys. Lett. 8, 679 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  83. D. van der Marel, H.-U. Habermeier, D. Heitmann, W. König and A. Wittlin,Physica C 176, 1 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  84. B. I. Choi, Z. M. Zhang, M. I. Flik and T. Siegrist,J. Heat Transfer 114, 958 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Z. M. Zhang and M. I. Flik,IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 3, 1604 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  86. M. I. Flik,Appl. Mech. Rev. 44, 93 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  87. C. Uher,J. Supercond. 3, 337 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  88. C. Uher, inPhysical Properties of High-Temperature Super conductors, D. M. Ginsberg, ed., Vol. 3 (World Scientific, Singapore, 1992), pp. 159–284.

    Google Scholar 

  89. M. I. Flik and C. L. Tien,J. Heat Transfer 112, 872 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  90. R. A. Richardson, S. D. Peacor, C. Uher and F. Nori,J. Appl. Phys. 72, 4788 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  91. K. E. Goodson and M. I. Flik,J. Heat Transfer 115, 17 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  92. J. L. Cohn, S. A. Wolf, T. A. Vanderah, V. Selvamanickam and K. Salama,Physica C 192, 435 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  93. L. J. Shaw-Klein, S. J. Burns, A. M. Kadin, S. D. Jacobs and D. S. Mallory,Supercond. Sci. Technol. 5, 368 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  94. M. Nahum, S. Verghese, P. L. Richards and K. Char,Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 2034 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  95. C. D. Marshall, I. M. Fishman and M. D. Fayer,Phys. Rev. B 43, 2692 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  96. S. Zeuner, H. Lengfellner, J. Betz, K. F. Renk and W. Prettl,Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 973 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  97. W. A. Little,Can. J. Phys. 37, 334 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  98. P. E. Phelan, O. Nakabeppu, K. Ito, K. Hijikata and T. Ohmori, inHeat Transfer in Superconducting Equipment, P. W. Eckels and K. M. Obasih eds., ASME HTD Vol. 229 (ASME, New York. 1992), pp. 33–38.

    Google Scholar 

  99. E. T. Swartz and R. O. Pohl,Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 605 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  100. R. W. Breckenridge, Jr.,Opt. Eng. 14, 57 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  101. D. K. Christen, R. C. Dynes, V. J. Emery, C. M. Falco, D. U. Gubser, S. Jin, H. Kroger and D. T. Shaw,Cryogenics 32, 338 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, Z.M., Frenkel, A. Thermal and nonequilibrium responses of superconductors for radiation detectors. J Supercond 7, 871–884 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00732263

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00732263

Key words

Navigation