Skip to main content
Log in

Mycoplasma interactions with cell cultures, uncultured living cells and the problems posed by their presence in tissue cultures

  • Übersichten
  • Published:
Klinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The presence of mycoplasmas in tissue cultures has created many problems for investigators employing cell cultures, especially with respect to the interpretation of the results. It was partly because of these problems encountered in mycoplasma-infected tissue cultures that increased attention was paid to this group of organisms and many unique interactions of these organisms with cell cultures, uncultured living cells and viruses were discovered, which have been reviewed in the present paper.

Zusammenfassung

Für die Forscher, die die Methodologie der Zellkulturen in bezug auf die Deutung ihrer Ergebnisse benutzen, rufen Mycoplasmen, durch ihre häufige Gegenwart in Zellkulturen viele Probleme hervor. In der übersicht werden besprochen die Wirkungen auf den Zellstoffwechsel, auf Chromosomen, Transformationen in maligne Zellen, Anheftung an und Wechselwirkung mit der Zellmembran, intracelluläre Existenz. Beziehungen von Mycoplasmen und Viren, nachgewiesene Mycoplasmen-Arten in Zellkulturen und Methoden zu ihrer Feststellung.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Afshar, A.: The growth ofMycoplasma bovigenitalium in cell cultures. J. gen. Microbiol.47, 103 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Allison, A. C., Paton, G. R.: Chromosomal abnormalities in human diploid cells infected with mycoplasma and their possible relevance to the aetiology of Down's syndrome. Lancet1966 II, 1229.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson, D. R., Manaker, R. A.: Electron microscopic studies of mycoplasma (PPLO strain 880) in artificial medium and in tissue culture. J. nat. Cancer Inst.36, 139 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Armstrong, D., Henle, G., Somerson, N. L., Hayflick, L.: Cytopathogenic mycoplasmas associated with two human tumors. I. Isolation and biological aspects. J. Bact.90, 418 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. —— Paucker, K.: Effect of mycoplasma on interferon production and interferon assay in cell cultures. J. Bact.92, 97 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Aula, P., Nichols, W. W.: The cytogenetic effects of mycoplasma in human leukocyte cultures. J. cell Physiol.70, 281 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bailey, J. S., Clark, H. W., Felts, W. R., Fowler, R. C., Brown, T. McP.: Antigenic properties of pleuropneumonialike organisms from tissue cell cultures and the human genital area. J. Bact.82, 542 (1961).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Barile, M. F., Del Giudice, R. A., Carski, T. R., Gibbs, C. J., Morris, J. A.: Isolation and characterization ofMycoplasma arginini: spec. nov. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)129, 489 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  9. —— Leventhal, B. G.: Possible mechanism for mycoplasma inhibition of lymphocyte transformation induced by phytohaemagglutin. Nature (Lond.)219, 751 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  10. —— Malizia, W. F., Riggs, D. B.: Incidence and detection of pleuropneumonia-like organisms in cell cultures by fluorescent antibody and cultural procedures. J. Bact.84, 130 (1962).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. —— Schimke, R. T.: A rapid chemical method for detecting PPLO contamination of tissue cell cultures. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)114, 676 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Benton, W. J., Cover, M. S., Melchior, F. W.:Mycoplasma gallisepticum in a commercial laryngotracheitis vaccinc. Avian Diseases11, 426 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Berg, R. B., Frothingham, T. E.: Haemadsorption in monkey kidney cell cultures by mycoplasma (PPLO) recovered from rats. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)108, 616 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Boam, G. W., Sanger, V. L.: Electron microscope studies of turkey sinus epithelial cells infected withMycoplasma gallisepticum. Avian Diseases14, 503 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bögel, K., Berchthold, M., Brunner, A., Klinger, L.: Die Eignung der Gewebekulturtechnik zur Isolierung und Charakterisierung cines zythopathogenen Mycoplasmastammes vom Bullen. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig.185, 423 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Brownstein, B., Graham, A. F.: Interaction of mengo virus with L cells. Virology14, 303 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Buskirk, H. H.: Control of pleuropneumonia-like organisms in cell cultures. Appl. Microbiol.15, 1442 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Butler, M.: Isolation and growth of mycoplasmas in human embryo trachea cultures. Nature (Lond.)244, 605 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  19. —— Leach, R. H.: A mycoplasma which induces acidity and cytopathic effect in tissue culture. J. gen. Microbiol.34, 285 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Carski, J. R., Shepard, C. C.: Pleuropneumonia-like (mycoplasma) infections of tissue culture. J. Bact.81, 626 (1961).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Castrejon-Diez, J., Fisher, T. N., Fisher, E., Jr.: Experimental infection of tissue cultures with certain mycoplasmas. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)112, 643 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Chanock, R. M., Hayflick, L., Barile, M. F.: Growth on artificial medium of an agent associated with atypical pneumonia and its identification as a PPLO. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)48, 41 (1962).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Chao, F. C., Freeman, F., Cummings, J. G., Berridge, B. J., Jr.: Amino acids of the ornithine cycle in transformed hamster fibrioblasts carrying pleuropneumonia-like organisms. Cancer Res.27, 1474 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Chatterji, J., Beswick, T. S. L., Chapman, J. A.: Electron microscope observations of Rubella virus in tissue culture cells. J. gen. Virol.4, 371 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Cherry, J. D., Taylor-Robinson, D.: Growth and pathogenesis ofMycoplasma mycoides var.capri in chicken embryo tracheal organ culture. Infection and Immunity2, 431 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Clyde, W. A., jr.: Demonstration of Eaton's agent in tissue culture. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)107, 715 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cohen, G., Somerson, N. L.:Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Hydrogen peroxide secretion and its possible role in virulence. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.143, 85 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Collier, L. H.: Contamination of stock lines of human carcinoma cells by pleuropneumonia-like organisms. Nature (Lond.)180, 757 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Collier, A. M., Clyde, W. A., Jr., Denny, F. W.: Biologic effects ofMycoplasma pneumoniae and other mycoplasmas from man on hamster tracheal organ cultures. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)132, 1153 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Copperman, R., Morton, H. E.: Reversible inhibition of mitosis in lymphocyte cultures by non-viable mycoplasma. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)123, 790 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Coriell, L. L., Fabrizio, D. P., Wilson, S. R.: Comparison of pleuropneumonia-like organism strains from tissue culture by complement fixation. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.79, 574 (1960).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. —— Tall, M. G., Gaskill, H.: Common antigens in tissue culture cell lines. Science128, 198 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Cross, G. F., Goodmann, M. R., Shaw, E. J.: Detection and treatment of contaminating mycoplasmas in cell culture. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci.45, 201 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. —— —— Chatterji, J., Beswick, T. S. L., Chapman, J. A.: Another case of mistaken identily: Rubella and mycoplasma. J. gen. Virol.8, 77 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Del Giudice, R. A., Pavia, R.: Haemadsorption byMycoplasma pneumoniae and its inhibition with sera from patients with atypical pneumonia. Bact. Proc.71 (1964).

  36. Vries, G. F., de, Vogelzang, A. A.: Mycoplasma and Down's syndrome. Lancet1967I, 160.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Eagle, H.: Some biochemical consequences of mycoplasma infection in cultured human diploid cells. Proc. Symposium on oncogenicity of virus vaccines. Ed. Gusic, B., p. 71. Zagreb: Yugoslav Academa of Sciences and Arts 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Eaton, M. D., Franham, A. E., Levinthal, J. D., Scala, A. R.: Cytopathic effect of the atypical pneumonia organism in cultures of human tissue. J. Bact.84, 1330 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  39. —— Meiklejohn, G., Herick, W. van: Studies on the etiology of primary atypical pneumonia. A filterable agent transmissible to cotton rats, hamsters and chick embryos. J. exp. Med.79, 649 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Edwards, G. A., Fogh, J.: Fine structure of pleuropneumonia-like organisms in pure culture and in infected tissue culture cells. J. Bact.79, 267 (1960).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Edward, D. G., Freundt, E. A.: Amended nomenclature for strains related toMycoplasma laidlawii. J. gen. Microbiol.62, 1 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Elford, W. J.: Ultrafiltration methods and their application in bacteriological and pathological studies. Brit. J. exp. Path.10, 126 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Fallon, R. J., Grist, N. R., Inman, D. R., Lemcke, R. M., Negroni, G., Woods, D. A.: Further studies of agents isolated from tissue cultures inocultated with human leukaemic bone marrow. Brit. med. J.1965II, 388.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Feizi, T., Taylor-Robinson, D., Shields, M. D., Carter, R. A.: Production of cold agglutinins in rabbits immunized with human erythrocytes treated withMycoplasma pneumoniae. Nature (Lond.)222, 1253 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Fletscher, R. D., Milligan, W. H., Albertson, J. N., Jr.: Contributing factor toMycoplasma pneumoniae produced stimulation of rhinovirus-RNA synthesis. Folia microbiol. (Praha)15, 325 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Fogh, J.: Mycoplasma effects on SV 40 transformation of human amnion cells. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)134, 217 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  47. —— Fogh, H.: A method for direct demonstration of pleuropneumonia-like organisms in cultured cells. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)117, 899 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  48. —— —— Chromosome changes in PPLO-infected FL human amnion cells. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)119, 233 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  49. —— —— Morphological and quantitative aspects of mycoplasma human cell relationships. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)125, 423 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  50. —— —— Irreversibility of major chromosome changes in a mycoplasma modified line of FL human amnion cell. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)126, 67 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Fogh, J., Hahn, E., Fogh, H.: Effects of pleuropneumonialike organisms on cultured human cells. Exp. Cell Res.39, 554 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. —— Fogh, H., Sobek, J.: Reduction of tumor-producing capacity of FL human amnion cells after mycoplasma infection. Proc. Amer. Ass. Cancer Res.29, 22 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  53. —— Hacker, C.: Elimination of pleuropneumonia-like organisms from cell cultures. Exp. Cell Res.21, 242 (1960).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Friend, C., Patuleia, M. C., Nelson, J. B.: Antibiotic effect of tylosin on a mycoplasma contaminant in a tissue culture leukaemia cell line. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)121, 1009 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Gaffney, E. V., Fogh, J.: DNA content of mycoplasma-modified FL human amnion cells. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)133, 607 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Gafford, L. G., Sinclair, F., Randall, C. C.: Growth cycle of Fowlpox virus and change in plaque morphology and cytopathology by contaminating mycoplasma. Virology37, 464 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Gesner, B., Thomas, L.: Sialic acid binding sites: Role in haemagglutination byMycoplasma gallisepticum. Science151, 590 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Gill, P., Pan, J.: Inhibition of cell division in L 5178 Y cells by arginine degrading mycoplasmas: the role of arginine deminase. Canad. J. Microbiol.16, 415 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Girardi, A. J., Hamparian, V. V., Somerson, N. L., Hayflick, L.: Mycoplasma isolates from primary cell cultures and human diploid cell strains. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)120, 760 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  60. —— Hayflick, L., Lewis, A. M., Somerson, N. L.: Recovery of mycoplasmas in the study of human leukaemia and other malignancies. Nature (Lond.)205, 188 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Goodwin, R. F. W., Pomeroy, A. P., Whittlestone, P.: Characterization ofMycoplasma suipneumoniae: a mycoplasma causing enzootic pneumonia of pigs. J. Hyg. (Camb.)65, 85 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Gori, G. B., Lee, D. Y.: A method for eradication of mycoplasma infections in cell cultures. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)117, 918 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Grace, J. T., Jr., Horoszewicz, J. S., Stim, T. B., Mirand, E. A., James, C.: Mycoplasmas (PPLO) and human leukemia and lymphoma. Cancer (Philad.)18, 1369 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Grass, E. E., Moulthrop, J. I., Newman, J. A., Kumar, M. C., Pomeroy, B. S.: An eponithological investigation of a suspected vaccine-borne discase out-break. Avian Discases11, 459 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Grist, N. R., Fallon, R. J.: Isolation of viruses from leukaemic patients. Brit. med. J.1964II, 1263.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Grumbles, L. C., Hall, C. F., Cummings, G.: Characteristics of avian mycoplasma (PPLO) in tissue cultures of human and avian cells. Avian Diseases8, 274 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Hakala, M. T., Holland, J. F., Horoszewicz, J. S.: Change in pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolism in cell culture caused by mycoplasma (PPLO) contamination. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun.11, 466 (1963).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Hargreaves, F. D., Leach, R. H.: The influence of mycoplasma infection on the sensitivity of Hela cells for growth of viruses. J. Med. Microbiol.3, 259 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Hayflick, L.: Decontaminating tissue cultures infected with pleuropneumonia-like organisms. Nature (Lond.)185, 783 (1960).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. —— Tissue cultures and mycoplasmas. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med.23 (Suppl. 1) 285 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. —— Fundamental biology of the class Mollicutes, order Mycoplasmatales. In: The Mycoplasmatales and the L-phase bacteria. Ed. L. Hayflick, p. 15. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Co. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  72. —— Stinebring, W. R.: Intracellular growth of pleuropneumonia-like organisms. Anat. Rec.121, 447 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  73. -- -- Breckenridge, F. C., Pomerat, C. M.: Some effects of human pleuropneumonia-like organisms on tissue cultures of human synovial cells. Bact. Proc.83 (1956).

  74. Hayflick, L., Stinebrink, W. R., iIntracellular growth of pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) in tissue culture and in ovo. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.79, (10) 433 (1960).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. —— Stanbridge, E.: Isolation and identification of mycoplasma from human clinical materials. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.143, 608 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Hearn, H. J., Jr., Officier, J. E., Elsner, V., Brown, A.: Detection, elimination and prevention of contamination of cell cultures with pleuropneumonia-like organisms. J. Bact.78, 575 (1959).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Herderscheê, D., Ruys, A. C., Rhijn, G. R. van: Pleuropneumonia-like organisms in tissue cultures. Antonie v. Leeuwenhoek29, 368 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  78. Hirth, R. S., Tourlellotte, M. E., Nielsen, S. W.: Cythopathic effects and ultrastructure ofMycoplasma agalactiae var.bovis (Donetta strain). Infection and Immunity2, 105 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Hooser, L. E., Davis, E. V., Moore, M. L., Siem, R. A.: Elimination of pleuropneumonia-like organisms from embryonic human lung tissue culture with tetracycline. J. Bact.87, 237 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  80. Hummeler, K., Armstrong, D., Tomassini, N.: Cythopathogenic mycoplasmas associated with two human tumors. II. Morphological aspects. J. Bact.90, 511 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. —— —— Observations on mycoplasma strains in tissue culture. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.143, 622 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Jèzequel, A. M., Shreeve, M. M., Steiner, J. W.: Segregation of nucleolar components in mycoplasma infected cells. Lab. Invest.16, 287 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. John, T. J., Stahl, M., Fulginiti, V. A.: Direct haemagglutination byMycoplasma pneumoniae and its inhibition by immune serum. Med. Microbiol.2, 131 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Joncas, J., Chagnon, A., Lussier, G., Pavilanis, V.: Characteristics of aMycoplasma hyorhinis strain contaminating a human fetal diploid cell line. Canad. J. Microbiol.15, 451 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Jones, T. C., Hirsch, J. G.: The interaction in vitro ofMycoplasma pulmonis with mouse peritoneal macrophages and L-cells. J. exp. Med.133, 231 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Hlinak, P., Friedemann, J., Starke, G.: Probleme der staatlichen Prüfung von Virusimpfstoffen auf Mykoplasmenkontaminationen. In: Mycoplasma diseases of man. Proc. of international Symposium Reinhardsbrun Castle. Ed. M. Sprössig and Witzleb, W., vol. 87. Jena: VEB Gustav Fischer 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Kenny, G. E., Pollock, M. E.: Mammalian cell cultures contaminated with pleuropneumonia-like organisms. I. Effect of pleuropneumonia-like organisms on growth of established cell strains. J. infect Dis.112, 7 (1963).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Kreamer, P. M.: Interaction of mycoplasma (PPLO) and murine lymphoma cell cultures: Prevention of cell lysis by arginine. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y)115, 206 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  89. —— Mycoplasma (PPLO) from covertly contaminated tissue cultures: Differences in arginine degradation between strains. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)117, 910 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  90. —— Defendi, V., Hayflick, L., Manson, L. A.: Mycoplasma (PPLO) strains with lytic activity for murine lymphoma cellsin vitro. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)112, 381 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  91. Kundson, R. B., Ampolla, M., Streeter, S., Neurath, P.: Chromosomal aberrations induced by T-strain mycoplasmas. Bact. Proc.95 (1969).

  92. Larin, N. M., Saxby, N. V., Buggey, D.: Quantitative aspects ofMycoplasma pneumoniae-cell relationships in cultures of lung diploid fobroblasts. J. Hyg. (Lond.)67, 375 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  93. Leach, R. H., Buttler, M.: Comparison of mycoplasmas associated with human tumors, leukaemia and tissue cultures. J. Bact.91, 934 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Lemcke, R.: The serological differentiation of mycoplasma strains (pleuropneumonia-like organisms) from various sources. J. Hyg. (Lond.)62, 199 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Lemcke, R. M.: The relationship of a type of mycoplasma isolated from tissue cultures to a new human oral mycoplasma. J. Hyg. (Lond.)62, 351 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Levine, E. M., Thomas, L., McGregor, D., Hayflick, L., Eagle, H.: Altered nucleic acid metabolism in human cell cultures infected with mycoplasma. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)60, 583 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. MacPherson, I.: Mycoplasmas in tissue culture. J. Cell Sci.1, 145 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  98. —— Russell, W.: Transformations in hamster cells mediated by mycoplasmas. Nature (Lond.)210, 1343 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Manchee, R. J., Taylor-Robinson, R.: Haemadsorption and haemagglutination by mycoplasmas. J. gen. Microbiol.50, 465 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. —— —— Studies on the nature of receptors involved in attachment of tissue culture cells to mycoplasmas. Brit. J. exp. Path.50, 66 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. —— —— Enhanced growth of T-strain mycoplasmas with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethansulfonic acid buffer. J. Bact.100, 78 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Markham, F. S., Wong, S. C.: Pleuropneumonia-like organisms in the etiology of turkey sinusitis and chronic respiratory disease of chickens. Poult, Sci.31, 902 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  103. Markov, G. G., Bradvarova, I., Mintcheva, A., Petrov, P., Shishkov, N., Tsanev, R. G.: Mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures. Interference with 32 p-labelling pattern of RNA. Exp. Cell Res.57, 374 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. McCarty, K. S., Woodson, B., Amstey, M., Brown, D.: Arginine as a precursor of pyrimidines in strain L-929 fibroblasts infected with pleuropneumonia-like organisms. J. biol. Chem.239, 544 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Morton, H. E., Copperman, R., Lam, G. T.: Some properties of the inhibitor(s) of lymphocyte mitosis derived from mycoplasma. J. Bact.95, 2418 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Mosher, A. H., Plastridge, W. N., Tourtellotte, M. E., Helmboldt, C. F.: Effect of toxin in bovine mycoplasmal mastitis. Amer. J. vet. Res.29, 517 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Murphy, W. H., Bullis, C.: Mycoplasma studies of human leukemia. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.143, 544 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Nakamura, M., Sakamoto, H.: Modification of the growth of human mycoplasmas in tissue culture by infection with influenza virus and japanese encephalitis (JE) virus. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)131, 343 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  109. Nardone, R. M., Todd, J., Gonzalez, P., Gaffney, E. V.: Nucleoside incorporation into strain L-cells: inhibition by pleuropneumonia-like organisms. Science149, 1100 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Negroni, G.: Isolation of viruses from leukaemic patients. Brit. med. J.1964I, 927.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Nelson, J. B.: The behaviour of murine PPLO in Hela cell cultures. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.79, 450 (1960).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Nocard, E., Roux, E. R., Borrel, M. M., Salimbenis Dujardin-Beaumetz: Le microbe de la péripneumonie des bovidés. Ann. Inst. Pasteur12, 240 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  113. Ogata, M., Koshimizu, K.: Isolation of mycoplasmas from tissue cell lines and transplantable tumor cells. Jap. J. Microbiol.17, 289 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  114. O'Malley, J. P., McGee, Z. A., Barile, M. F., Barker, L. F.: Identification of the A-1 agent asMycoplasma gallisepticum. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)56, 895 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Paton, G., Jacobs, J. P., Perkins, F. T.: Chromosome changes in human diploid-cell cultures infected with mycoplasma. Nature (Lond.)207, 43 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Perlman, D., Rahman, S. B., Semar, J. B.: Antibiotic control of mycoplasma in tissue culture. Appl. Microbiol.15, 82 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Pollock, M. E., Kenny, G. E.: Mammalian cell cultures contaminated with PPLO. III. Elimination of PPLO with specific antiserum. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)102, 176 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  118. Pollock, M. E., Kenny, G. E., Syverton, J. T.: Isolation and elimination of pleuropneumonia-like organisms from mammalian cell cultures. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)105, 10 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  119. —— Treadwell, P. E., Kenny, G. E.: Mammalian cell cultures contaminated with pleuropneumonia-like organisms. II. Effect of PPLO on cell morphology in established monolayer cultures. Exp. Cell Res.31, 321 (1963).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Pontén, J., MacPherson, I.: Interference with Rous sarcoma virus focus formation by a mycoplasma-like factor present in human cell cultures. Ann. Med. exp. Fenn.44, 260 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Powelson, D. M.: Metabolism of animal cells infected with mycoplasma. J. Bact.82, 288 (1961).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Purcell, R. H., Somerson, N. L., Fox, H., Wong, D. C., Turner, H. C., Chanock, R. M.: Identification of acid-inducing agent and related mycoplasma asMycoplasma hyorhinis. J. nat. Cancer Inst.37, 251 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Rakovskaya, I. V.: Contamination of tissue cultures by pleuropneumonia-like organisms. Vop. Virus10, 233 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Randall, C. C., Gafford, L. G., Gentry, G. A., Lawson, L. A.: Liability of host-cell DNA in growing cell cultures due to mycoplasma. Science148, 1098 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  125. Reed, S. E.: The growth of mycoplasmas in organ culture and its enhancement by concurrent virus infection. Proc. Soc. Pathological Soc. Great Britain and Ireland July 1970.

  126. Roberts, D. H.: The isolation of a previously unreported avian mycoplasma serotype and some observations on the incidence of mycoplasma in poultry. Vet. Res.75, 665 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  127. —— Neuraminidase-like enzyme present inMycoplasma gallisepticum. Nature (Lond.)213, 87 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  128. Robinson, L. B., Wichelhausen, R. H., Roizman, B.: Contamination of human cell cultures by PPLO. Science124, 1147 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Romano, N., Brancato, P.: Inhibition of Measles virus by mycoplasma in cell-cultures and the restoring effect of arginine. Arch. Virusforsch.29, 39 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Rothblat, G. H.: PPLO contamination in tissue cultures. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.79, 430 (1960).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. —— Morton, H. E.: Detection and possible source of contamination of pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) in cultures of tissue cells. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)100, 87 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  132. Rouse, H. C., Bonifas, V. H., Schlesinger, R. W.: Dependence of adenovirus replication on arginine and inhibition of plaque formation by pleuropneumonia-like organisms. Virology20, 357 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  133. Rovozzo, G. C., Luginbuhl, R. E., Helmboldt, C. F.: A mycoplasma from a bovine causing cytopathogenic effects in calf kidney tissue cultures. Cornell Vet.53, 560 (1963).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Russell, W. C.: Alterations in the nucleic acid metabolism of tissue culture cells infected by mycoplasmas. Nature (Lond.)212, 1537 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  135. —— Niven, J. S. F., Berman, L. D.: Studies on the biology of the mycoplasma induced “stimulation” of BHK 21-C 13 cells. Int. J. Cancer3, 191 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Sabin, A. B.: Nature and source of mycoplasma in various tissue cultures. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.143, 628 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Schwöbel, W., Leach, R. H.: EineMycoplasma laidlawii nahestehende Mykoplasmenart aus primären Kälbernieren-Kulturen. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig.214, 495 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  138. Schimke, R. T., Barile, M. F.: Arginine breakdown in mammalian cell cultures contaminated with pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO). Exp. Cell Res.30, 593 (1963).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Schmidt, P. J., Barile, M. F., McGinniss, M. H.: Mycoplasma (pleuropneumonia-like organisms) and blood group I. Associations with neoplastic disease. Nature (Lond.)205, 371 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Sethi, K. K.: Unpublished data.

  141. —— Brandis, H.: Interaction between mycoplasmas and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Experientia (Basel)26, 1244 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Shedden, W. I. H., Cole, B. C.: Rapid method for demonstrating intracellular pleuropneumonia-like organisms in a strain of hamster kidney cells (BHK 21 C 13). Nature (Lond.)210, 868 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. —— —— The use of sodium aurothiomalate in the eradication of pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) from a chronically infected strain of hamster kidney cells. (BHK 21 C 13). J. Path. Bact.92, 574 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Shepard, M. C.: Growth and development of T-strain pleuropneumonia-like organisms in human epidermoid carcinoma cells (HeLa). J. Bact.75, 351 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Simberkoff, M. S., Thorbeck, G. J., Thomas, L.: Studies of PPLO infections V. Inhibition of lymphocyte mitosis and antibody formation by mycoplasma extracts. J. exp. Med.129, 1163 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Singer, S. H., Fitzgerald, E. A., Barile, M. F., Kirschstein, R. L.: Effect of mycoplasmas on vaccinia virus growth, requirement for arginine. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)133, 1439 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  147. —— Kirschstein, R. L., Barile, M. F.: Increased yields of Stomatitis virus from hamster cells injected with mycoplasma. Nature (Lond.)222, 1087 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Smith, P. F.: Nutritional requirement of PPLO and their relation to metabolic function. ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.79, 508 (1960).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Sobeslavský, O., Prescott, B., Chanock, R. M.: Adsorption ofMycoplasma pneumoniae to neuraminic acid receptors of various cells and possible role in virulence. J. Bact.96, 695 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Somerson, N. L., Cook, M. K.: Suppression of Rous sarcoma virus growth in tissue cultures byMycoplasma orale. J. Bact.90, 534 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  151. —— Walls, B. E., Chanock, R. M.: Hemolysin ofMycoplasma pneumoniae: tentative identification as a peroxide. Science150, 226 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Stanbridge, E., Önen, M., Perkins, F. T., Hayflick, L.: Karyological and morphological characteristics of human diploid cell strain W-I-38 infected with mycoplasmas. Exp. Cell Res.57, 397 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  153. Stewart, S., Young, D.: Isolation ofMycoplasma arginini from tissue cultures. Lancet1971 I, 347.

    Google Scholar 

  154. Stock, D. A., Gentry, G. A.: Mycoplasmal deoxyribonuclease activity in virus infected L-cell cultures. J. Virol.3, 313 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Switzer, W. P.: Action of certain viruses,Mycoplasma hyorhinis and nasal trichomonadson swine tissue cultures. Amer. J. vet. Res.20, 1010 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  156. Taylor-Robinson, D., Manchee, R. J.: Spermadsorption and spermagglutination by mycoplasmas. Nature (Lond.)215, 484 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. —— —— Novel approach to studying relationships between mycoplasmas and tissue culture cells. Nature (Lond.)216, 1306 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Thomas, L.: Toxic properties ofMycoplasma neurolyticum andMycoplasma gallisepticum. In: The role of mycoplasmas and L-forms of bacteria in disease. Ed. J. T. Sharp, p. 104. Spring Field, Ill., U.S.A.: C. C. Thomas Pub. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  159. —— Bitensky, M. W.: Methaemoglobin formation byMycoplasma gallisepticum: the role of hydrogen peroxide. Nature (Lond.)210, 963 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Todaro, G. J., Aaronson, S. A., Elaine, R.: Rapid detection of mycoplasma-infected cell cultures. Exp. Cell Res.65, 256 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Tully, J. G.:Mycoplasma granularum of swine origin as a tissue culture contaminant. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)122, 565 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  162. —— Razin, S.:Acholeplasma axanthum sp.n.: a new sterol-nonrequiring member of the Mycoplasmatales. J. Bact.103, 751 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Herick, W. van, Eaton, M. D.: An unidentified pleuropneumonia-like organism isolated during passages in chicken embryos. J. Bact.50, 47 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  164. Villemot, J. M., Provost, A., Queval, R.: Endotoxin fromMycoplasma mycoides. Nature (Lond.)193, 906 (1962).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Vogelzang, A. A., Compeer-Dekker, G.: Elimination of mycoplasma from various cell cultures. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek35, 393 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Witzleb, W.: Zur Kontamination von Gewebekulturen mit Mykoplasmen. I. Beeinträchtigung der Zellphysiologic und die Auswirkung auf die virologische Diagnostik (Literaturübersicht). Arch. ges. Virusforsch.30, 113 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. —— Blumöhr, Th., Dziambor, H., Schweizer, H.: Zur Kontamination von Gewebekulturen mit Mykoplasmen. II. Nachweis und serologische Identifizierung der Mykoplasmen. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.30, 121 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Woodson, B. A., McCarty, K. S., Shepard, M. C.: Arginine metabolism in mycoplasma and infected strain L-929 fibroblasts. Arch. Biochem.109, 364 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  169. Yershov, F. I., Zhdanov, V. M.: Influence of PPLO on production of interferon in virus-infected cells. Virology27, 451 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Zgorniak-Nowosielsky, I., Sedwick, W. D., Hummeler, K., Koprowski, H.: New assay procedure for separation of mycoplasmas from virus pools and tissue culture systems. J. Virol.1, 1227 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Zucker-Franklin, D., Davidson, M., Thomas, L.: The interaction of mycoplasmas with mammalian cells. I. HeLa cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. J. exp. Med.124, 521 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. —— —— —— The interaction of mycoplasmas with mammalian cells. II. Monocytes and lymphocytes. J. exp. Med.124, 533 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sethi, K.K., Teschner, M. Mycoplasma interactions with cell cultures, uncultured living cells and the problems posed by their presence in tissue cultures. Klin Wochenschr 50, 226–233 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01486526

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01486526

Key words

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation