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Alanin als stickstoffsparendes und glukoneogenetisches Substrat im postoperativen Zustand

Alanine as a nitrogen sparing and gluconeogenetic substrate in the postoperative state

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Summary

An alanine infusion (90 mg/kg/h) for eight hours was administered to seven patients after cholecystectomy in order to investigate the influence of elevated plasma alanine levels on the postoperative metabolism. The following metabolits and hormone concentrations were analysed in plasma: glucose, urea, free fatty acids, ketone bodies, amino acids, insulin and glucagon. Compared to the pre-infusion values on the 1. postoperative day after an overnight fasting, the following changes were monitored. The plasma glucose concentrations reached a maximum after four hours of infusion (p<0.05). Of the amino acids, significant elevated levels were found for alanine (300%,p<0.001), glutamine (36%,p<0.05), and α-aminobutyrate (61%,p<0.01). The free fatty acids and ketone bodies concentrations decreased immediately after the onset of the infusion of alanine (p<0.05), and increased again during the last four hours of infusion. The secretion of insulin and also the secretion of glucagon were stimulated by the increased alanine levels. The stimulation of insulin reached a maximum after only five minutes, but the glucagon levels increased continously until the end of the infusion.

During the administration of alanine a nitrogen homeostase was achieved, which was a significant improvement (p<0.001) when compared to saline infusions before and after the alanine infusion.

Conclusions: (1) Postoperative increased plasma levels of alanine stimulate gluconeognesis and reduce the plasma levels of lipolytic metabolites. The induced stimulation of insulin and glucagon is dependent on the duration of the alanine infusion for during extended infusion of alanine the insulin stimulation diminishes while the glucagon secretion continously increases. (2) Alanine is a potent anabolic substrate in the immediate postoperative situation.

Zusammenfassung

Bei sieben Patienten wurde am 1. postoperativen Tag nach Cholecystektomie eine achtstündige Alanininfusion (90 mg/kg/h) durchgeführt und der Einfluß des erhöhten Plasmaalaninspiegels auf die postoperative Stoffwechselsituation untersucht. Folgende Metaboliten und Hormone wurden im Plasma bestimmt: Glukose, Harnstoff, freie Fettsäuren, Ketonkörper, Aminosäuren, Insulin und Glukagon. Gegenüber den Basalwerten (1. postoperativer Tag, nach einer 14stündigen Fastenperiode in der Nacht), vor Beginn der Alanininfusion, wurden folgende Veränderungen festgestellt:

Die Plasmaglukosekonzentrationen stiegen bis zur 4. Infusionsstunde an und erreichten hier ein Maximum (p<0.05). Von den Plasmaaminosäuren erhöhten sich die Konzentrationen von Alanin (um 300%,p<0.001), Glutamin (36%,p<0.05) und von α-Aminobutyrat (um 61%,p<0.01). Die freien Fettsäuren und die Ketonkörper sanken unmittelbar nach Beginn der Alanininfusion ab (p<0.05) und stiegen ab der fünften Infusionsstunde wieder an. Sowohl die Sekretion von Insulin, als auch die von Glukagon wurde durch die Alaninzufuhr stimuliert. Die Insulinstimulation erreichte bereits nach 5 min ihren maximalen Wert, während die Plasmaglukagonkonzentrationen bis zum Infusionsende anstiegen.

Eine Berechnung der Stickstoffbilanz ergab nach der Korrektur mit den angestiegenen Plasmaharnstoffwerten eine ausgeglichene Proteinhomöostase unter der Alaninzufuhr. Die Stickstoffbilanz war, verglichen mit Kochsalzinfusionsperioden vor und nach der Alanininfusion, signifikant verbessert (p<0.001).

Aus den Ergebnissen wird geschlossen, (1) daß postoperativ erhöhte Plasmaalaninspiegel zu einer Stimulierung der Glukoneogenese und einem Konzentrationsabfall der lipolytischen Metaboliten im Plasma führen. Die dabei beobachtete Insulin- und Glukagonstimulation ist je nach der Dauer der Alanininfusion unterschiedlich, da nach einer längeren Alaninzufuhr die Insulinstimulation abnimmt, während die Glukagonstimulation andauert, und (2) daß Alanin in der unmittelbaren postoperativen Phase eine eiweißanabole Wirkung hat.

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Funovics, J., Roth, E., Mühlbacher, F. et al. Alanin als stickstoffsparendes und glukoneogenetisches Substrat im postoperativen Zustand. Klin Wochenschr 59, 797–802 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01724686

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