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Additional losses in converter-fed uncompensated D.C. motors — their calculation and measurement

Zusatzverluste bei stromrichtergespeisten unkompensierten Gleichstrommaschinen — ihre Berechnung und Messung

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Contents

To raise further the ratio of output power vs. motor mass of modern d.c. motors it is neccessary to reduce the additional losses effectively. Different well known analytical calculation methods for the additional losses at no-load and load are compared, concerning an accurate prediction of the additional losses. The methods for measuring additional losses are discussed, and results that are obtained with four test motors are presented. Measures to reduce the additional losses are examined both by calculation and measurement.

Übersicht

Um die Ausnützung moderner Gleichstrommaschinen weiter zu erhöhen, müssen deren Zusatzverluste deutlich gesenkt werden. Unterschiedliche bekannte analytische Berechnungsverfahren werden hisichtlich ihrer Treffsicherheit bei der Vorausberechnung bei Leerlauf und Last verglichen. Methoden zur meßtechnischen Erfassung der Zusatzverluste werden besprochen und Meßergebnisse von vier Testmotoren angegeben. Maßnahmen zur Senkung der Zusatzverluste werden sowohl theoretisch als auch experimentell untersucht.

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Abbreviations

a :

number of parallel paths per half armature

b cl :

m width of insulation between adjacent commutator segments

b cu :

m breadth of rotor slot conductors

b p(e) :

m (equivalent) peripheral pole width

b τ :

m breadth of rotor slot

b t :

m tangential brush width

B m :

T magnetic airgap flux density for minimum airgap

B q :

T magnetic flux density across the rotor slots

f :

Hz frequency

h cu :

m height of rotor slot conductors

h cacr :

m critical height of rotor slot conductors

h τ :

m height of rotor slot

i a :

A armature current

i coil :

A current per armature coil

f a :

A mean value ofi a

I arms :

A rms-value ofi a

I av :

A FOURIER-amplitudes ofi a (t)

I f :

A field current

k v :

eddy current function for additional no-load losses

k O :

experimental factor for pole surface losses

K :

number of commutator segments

l Fe :

m iron length

l b :

m average conductor length of the winding overhangs

m :

number of conductor layers in the rotor slots

M :

Nm mean value of torque

n :

1/min rotational speed

p :

number of pole pairs

P in :

W input power

P out :

W output power

P da :

WI 2 R-losses in armature

P dad :

W additional losses (subseript 1: at load)

P dbr :

W electrical brush losses

P dc :

WI 2 R-losses in commutating pole winding

P dcom :

W commutation losses

P dFe :

W losses in active iron

P dfg :

W field gradient losses (subscripts 0,1: at noload, load)

P dfr :

W friction losses

P ds :

W pole surface losses (subscripts 0, 1: at noload, load)

P du :

W current ripple losses

P dw :

W total windage losses

Q :

number of rotor slots

s :

subscript for counting conductor layers

S :

A/m2 current density in slot conductors

t :

s time

T :

s rotor slot period

T Ft :

s eddy-current time constant

T k :

s short-circuit time of armature coils during commutation

T ε :

s “chording time”

u :

number of coil sides per slot and layer

υ v :

FOURIER-amplitudes of\(V_d (x)/\hat V_d \)

V d :

A magnetizing rotor tooth ampere turns

\(\hat V_d \) :

A maximum value ofV d

x :

m circumferential rotor coordinate

y :

m radial rotor coordinate

z :

total number of conductors

z Q :

number of conductors in a slot

α e :

equivalent pole are ratio (α e =b pe /τ p )

\(\bar \alpha ,\bar \beta \) :

angles for the circumferential distribution ofV d

β:

brush coverage ratio

ε:

chording expressed in numbers ofτ e

ϑ e :

abbreviation for chording

θ Q :

A ampere turns per rotor slot

ζ:

p.u. value of eddy-current time constant

ϰ:

S/m electrical conductivity

μ 0 Vs/(Am):

Vx/(Am) magnetic permeability of vacuum (μ 0=4π·10−7 Vs/(Am))

ν:

number of order of FOURIER-expansions

χ:

chording function

ξ r :

factor considering rotor slot opening

τ c :

m commutator segment pitch

τ p :

m pole pitch

τ r :

m rotor slot pitch

\(\psi ;\tilde \psi ,\varphi ,\tilde \varphi ,\) :

eddy-current functions

References

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  1. Fa. Siemens, EWN, Siemensstr. 15, W-8740, Bad Neustadt/Saale

    A. Binder

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  1. A. Binder
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Binder, A. Additional losses in converter-fed uncompensated D.C. motors — their calculation and measurement. Archiv f. Elektrotechnik 74, 357–369 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01574124

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