Abstract
Nitrogen starvation, effected by incubating a culture ofAnabaena cylindrica in a medium free from combined nitrogen and under an atmosphere of 1% CO2 in argon, leads to rapid and characteristic changes in the appearance, structure and function of the alga. Change of colour, due apparently to a decrease in the amounts of nitrogenous pigments, is accompanied by a structural transformation of vegetative cells: cyanophycin granules and polyhedral bodies disintegrate, lipid and glycogen accumulate, and large membrane-bound spaces form by means of thylakoid swelling and vesiculation. The rate of heterocyst differentiation and nitrogenase activity is increased. These changes are fully reversed on addition of ammonia to the culture. It appears that thylakoids reform by coalescence of small vesicles assembled in the intrathylakoidal space. Rapid ammonia assimilation is indicated by ample formation of cyanophycin granules in vegetative cells and of “plugs” in the heterocysts.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, M. B., Arnon, D. L.: Studies on nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae. I. Growth and nitrogen fixation byAnabaena cylindrica Lemm. Plant Physiol.30, 366–372 (1955)
Allen, M. M., Smith, A. J.: Nitrogen chlorosis in blue-green algae. Arch. Mikrobiol.69, 114–120 (1969)
Arnon, D. I.: Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol-oxidase inBeta vulgaris. Plant Physiol.24, 1–15 (1949)
Boresch, K.: Die Faroung von Cyanophyceen und Chlorophyceen in ihrer Abhängigkeit vom Stickstoffgehalt des Substrates. Jb. wiss. Bot.52, 145–185 (1913)
Cox, R. M., Fay, P.: Nitrogen fixation and pyruvate metabolism in cell-free preparations ofAnabaena cylindrica. Arch. Mikrobiol.58, 357–365 (1967)
Fay, P., Kulasooriya, S. A.: A simple apparatus for the continuous culture of photosynthetic micro-organisms. Br. phycol. J.8, 51–57 (1973)
Fay, P., Lang, N. J.: The heterocysts of blue-green algae. I. Ultrastructural integrity after isolation. Proc. roy. Soc. B178, 185–192 (1971)
Fogg, G. E.: Nitrogen nutrition and metabolic patterns in algae. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol.13, 106–125 (1959)
Fogg, G. E., Collyer, D. M.: The accumulation of lipides by algae. In: J. S. Burlew, Ed. Algal culture from laboratory to pilot plant, pp. 177–181. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington 1953
Horne, A. J., Fogg, G. E.: Nitrogen fixation in some English lakes. Proc. roy. Soc. B175, 351–366 (1970)
Kulasooriya, S. A., Lang, N. J., Fay, P.: The heterocysts of blue-green algae. III. Differentiation and nitrogenase activity. Proc. roy. Soc. B181, 199–209 (1972)
Neilson, A., Rippka, R., Kunisawa, R.: Heterocyst formation and nitrogenase synthesis inAnabaena sp: A kinetic study. Arch. Mikrobiol.76, 139–150 (1971)
O'hEocha, C.: Phycobilins. In: T. W. Goodwin, Ed.: Chemistry and biochemistry of plant pigments, pp. 175–196. London: Academic Press 1964
Reynolds, E. S.: The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol.17, 208–212 (1963)
Simon, R. D.: The effect of chloramphenicol on the production of cyanophycin granule polypeptide in the blue-green algaAnabaena cylindrica. Arch. Mikrobiol.92, 115–122 (1973)
Spurr, A. R.: A low viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res.26, 34–43 (1969)
Stewart, W. D. P., Fitzgerald, G. P., Burris, R. H.:In situ studies on N2 fixation using the acetylene reduction technique. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)58, 2071–2078 (1967)
Stewart, W. D. P., Lex, M.: Nitrogenase activity in the blue-green algaPlectonema boryanum strain 594. Arch. Mikrobiol.73, 250–260 (1970)
Syrett, P. J.: Nitrogen assimilation. In: R. A. Lewin, Ed.: Physiology and biochemistry of algae, pp. 171–188. New York: Academic Press 1962
Van Gorkom, H. J., Donze, M.: Localization of nitrogen fixation inAnabaena. Nature (Lond.)234, 231–232 (1971)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Vasconcelos, L., Fay, P. Nitrogen metabolism and ultrastructure inAnabaena cylindrica . Arch. Microbiol. 96, 271–279 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00590183
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00590183