Abstract
Aqueous solutions of engine exhaust condensation products were derived from cars powered by diesel or four-stroke gasoline engines (with and without three-way catalytic converter). The cars were operated on a static test platform. Samples of the different exhaust solutions accumulated in a Grimmer-type distillation trap (VDI 3872) during standard test programs (Federal Test Procedure) were incubated with important biomolecules. As indicators of reactive oxygen species or oxidative destruction, ascorbic acid, cysteine, glutathione, serum albumin, the enzymes glycerinaldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase, and the oxygen free-radical indicator keto-methylthiobutyrate were used. During and after the incubations, oxygen activation (consumption) and oxidative destruction were determined. Comparison of the oxidative activities of the different types of exhaust condensates clearly showed that the exhaust condensate derived from the four-stroke car equipped with a three-way catalytic converter exhibited by far the lowest oxidative and destructive power.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BoK:
-
four-stroke gasoline engine without catalytic converter
- BSA:
-
bovine serum albumin
- FTP cycle:
-
Federal Test Procedure cycle
- GAP-DH:
-
glycerinaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Kat:
-
four-stroke gasoline engine with catalytic converter
- KMB:
-
ketomethylthiobutyrate
- SOD:
-
superoxide dismutase
- XOD:
-
xanthine oxidase
References
Blaurock B (1991) Biochemische Modellreaktionen zur Bewertung der Reaktivität und potentiellen Toxizität von Diesel- und Otto-Motor-Abgasen. Dissertation, Technical University of Munich
Darrall NM (1989) The effect of air pollutants on physiological processes in plants. Plant Cell Environ 12: 1–30
Di Simplicio P, Cheeseman KH, Slater TF (1991) The reactivity of the SH groups of bovine serum albumin with free radicals. Free Radic Res Commun 14: 253–262
Ellman M (1959) Tissue sulphhydryl groups. Arch Biochem 82: 70–77
Elstner EF, Schütz W, Vogl G (1988) Cooperative stimulation by sulfite and crocidolite asbestos fibres of enzyme-catalyzed production of reactive oxygen species. Arch Toxicol 62: 424–427
Elstner EF, Osswald W (1991) Air pollution: involvement of oxygen radicals (a mini review). Free Radic Res Commun 12/13: 795–807
Glick D (ed) (1954) Methods of biochemical analysis, vol 1. Interscience, New York
Godish T (ed) (1991) Air quality. Lewis, Chelsea, MI
Grimmer G, Hildebrandt A, Böhnke H (1973) Investigations on the carcinogenic burden by air pollution in man. II. Sampling and analytics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in automobile exhaust gas. 1. Optimization of the collecting arrangement. Zentralbl Bakteriol Hyg I Abt Orig B 158: 22–34
Halliwell B (1988) Albumin. An important extracellular antioxidant? Biochem Pharmacol 37: 569–571
Halliwell B, Gutteridge MC (eds) (1985) Free radicals in biology and medicine. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Hippeli SC (1990) Biochemische Modelle zur Dieselruß-Toxikologie; Kooperative Effekte mit Sulfit. Dissertation, Technical University of Munich
Hippeli SC, Elstner EF (1989) Diesel soot-catalyzed production of reactive oxygen species: cooperative effects with bisulfite. Z Naturforsch 44c: 514–523
Hippeli SC, Elstner EF (1990) Influence of diesel soot particles and sulfite on functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Free Radic Res Commun 11: 29–38
Hippeli SC, Elstner EF (1991) Oxygen radicals and air pollution. In: Sies H (ed) Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants. Academic, New York, pp 3–55
Hyslop PA, Hinshaw DB, Halsey WA Jr, Schraufstätter IU, Sauerheber RD, Spragg RG, Jackson JH, Cochrane CG (1988) Mechanism of oxidant-mediated cell injury. J Biol Chem 263: 1665–1675
Kerr JA, Calvert JG, Demerijan KL (1976) Free radical reactions in the production of photochemical smog. In: Pryor WA (ed) Free radicals in biology, vol 2. Academic, New York, pp 159–180
Koziol MJ, Whatley FR (eds) (1984) Gaseous air pollutants and plant metabolism. Butterworth, London
Lioy PJ, Daisey JM (eds) (1990) Toxic Air pollution. Lewis, Chelsea, MI
Manahan SE (ed) (1991) Environmental chemistry. Lewis, Chelsea, MI
Mehlman MA (1992) Dangerous and cancer-causing properties of products and chemicals in the oil refining and petrochemical industry. IV. Health effects of petroleum products — scientific update. J Occup Med Tox 1: 81–90
Menzel DB (1976) The role of free radicals in the toxicity of air pollutants (nitrogen oxides and ozone). In: Pryor WA (ed) Free radicals in biology, vol 2. Academic, New York, pp 181–202
Metz N (1989) Dieselpartikel-Emissionen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Ergo Med 13: 32–35
Mudd JB (1976) The role of free radicals in toxicity of air pollutants (peroxyacyl nitrates). In: Pryor WA (ed) Free radicals in biology, vol 2. Academic, New York, pp 159–180
Mudd JB, Kozlowski TT (eds) (1975) Responses of plants to air pollution. Academic, New York London
Schulte-Hostede S, Darral NM, Blank LW, Wellburn AR (eds) (1988) Air pollution and plant metabolism. Elsevier, Amsterdam New York
Sies H (ed) (1991) Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants. Academic, New York London
Turnham DI, Situnayake RD, Koottathep S, McConkey B, Davis M (1987) Antioxidant status measured by the TRAP assay in rheumatoid arthritis. In: Rice-Evans C (ed) Free radicals, oxidant stress and drug action. Richelieu Press, London, pp 169–192
Unsworth MH, Ormrod DP (eds) (1982) Effects of gaseous air pollution in agriculture and horticulture. Butterworth, London
Youngman RJ, Schieberle P, Schnabl H, Grosch W, Elstner EF (1983) The photodynamic generation of singlet molecular oxygen by the fungal phytotoxin, cercosporin. Photobiochem Photobiophys 6: 109–119
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Blaurock, B., Hippeli, S., Metz, N. et al. Oxidative destruction of biomolecules by gasoline engine exhaust products and detoxifying effects of the three-way catalytic converter. Arch Toxicol 66, 681–687 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01972618
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01972618