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The control of sodium excretion by reflexes from the low pressure system independent of adrenal activity

Experiments on conscious dogs

  • Transport Processes, Metabolism and Endocrinology; Kidney, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Exocrine Glands
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Abstract

An experimental increase in left atrial pressure (eLAP↗) leads to an increase in sodium excretion (UNa\(\dot V\)). This ‘atrial natriuresis’ is probably involved in the adjustment of sodium balance, but the mechanism is not well understood.

The present studies were undertaken to examine

  1. 1.

    the influence of eLAP↗ on plasma renin activity (PRA) and UNa\(\dot V\) in conscious dogs, and

  2. 2.

    the influence of eLAP↗ on UNa\(\dot V\) with and without the presence of adrenal glands.

Twenty-three female beagle dogs were kept under controlled environmental conditions. They had chronically implanted instruments (purse string around the mitral annulus, catheter in the left atrium, carotid loop; 5 dogs were adrenalectomized).

PRA waselevated by a chronic low sodium intake (LSI). When eLAP↗ was performed (+1.0 kPa), PRA decreased by about 50% within at least 60 min.

PRA was chronicallylowered by a high sodium intake (HSI). Even under HSI conditions a decrease of PRA could be demonstrated if eLAP↗ was performed (by about 50%). However both HSI and LSI dogs showed a marked increase in UNa\(\dot V\) if eLAP↗ was performed. After the removal of the adrenals a decrease in glomerular filtration rate was observed (40% of the control values), but eLAP↗ led to a similar increase in UNa\(\dot V\) to that found in intact dogs (Δ mean 110%).

These results indicate that stretching of the left atrium leads to a reduction of tubular sodium reabsorption in a twofold manner: 1st by reduction of PRA, possibly followed by a reduction in aldosterone secretion and 2nd by activating an adrenal independent mechanism of unknown origin. This could be a direct influence of angiotensin II on the tubular reabsorption of sodium.

These results are compatible with the hypothesis that reflexes out of the low pressure system are important for the adjustment of sodium balance independent of changes in mineralocorticoid activity.

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Abbreviations

A-dogs:

thoracotomized and adrenalectomized dogs

ADP 3×20 min:

after distension period

AN:

atrial natriuresis

bw kg:

body weight

CP 3×20 min:

control period

DP 3×20 min:

distension period

eLAP↗ kPa:

experimental increase of left atrial pressure (during all DP's about +1.0 kPa)

GFR ml/min/kg:

glomerular filtration rate

HSI mmol Na/kg/d:

high sodium intake (14.5 mmol Na/kg/d)

I-dogs:

intact dogs (thoracotomized, intact adrenals)

LAP kPa:

left atrial pressure (mean)

LSI mmol Na/kg/d:

low sodium intake (0.5 mmol Na/kg/d)

MABP kPa:

mean arterial blood pressure

n 1 :

number of dogs used

n 2 :

number of experiments (1 expt./d)

n 3 :

number of collection periods (urine) of number of samples (HR, MABP)

HR I/min:

heart rate

PRA ngAI/ml/h:

plasma renin activity

RAAS:

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system

UK\(\dot V\) μmol/min/kg:

potassium excretion

UNa\(\dot V\) μmol/min/kg:

sodium excretion

\(\dot V\) μl/min/kg:

urine volume

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arbeitsgruppe Experimentelle Anaesthesie, Klinikum Charlottenburg, Freie Universität Berlin, Spandauer Damm 130, D-1000, Berlin 19

    H. W. Reinhardt, R. Eisele, G. Kaczmarczyk, R. Mohnhaupt, W. Oelkers & B. Schimmrich

  2. Chirurgische Klinik u. Poliklinik, Klinikum Steglitz, Freie Universität Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 10, D-1000, Berlin 45

    R. Eisele

  3. Medizinische Klinik u. Poliklinik; Klinikum Steglitz, Freie Universität Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 10, D-1000, Berlin 45

    W. Oelkers

Authors
  1. H. W. Reinhardt
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  2. R. Eisele
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  3. G. Kaczmarczyk
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  4. R. Mohnhaupt
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  5. W. Oelkers
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  6. B. Schimmrich
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Reinhardt, H.W., Eisele, R., Kaczmarczyk, G. et al. The control of sodium excretion by reflexes from the low pressure system independent of adrenal activity. Pflugers Arch. 384, 171–176 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00584435

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00584435

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