Abstract
The occurrence of chitinase in the stomach contents of Enophrys bison and Platichthys stellatus was investigated. The highest chitinase activity and the greatest percentage of chitinoclastic bacteria in relation to the total bacterial flora were associated with fish whose stomach content was composed primarily of chitinous animals. Stomach contents lacking visible chitin possessed low or no detectable levels of chitinase activity and few chitinoclastic bacteria. Juvenile E. bison treated with chloramphenicol to remove their indigenous bacterial flora had no detectable level of chitinase in their stomach contents while non-treated juveniles showed inducible chitinase activity, indicating the bacterial origin for the chitinase.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Baross, J.A., F.J. Hanus and R.Y. Morita: The effects of hydrostatic pressure on uracil uptake, ribonucleic acid synthesis and growth of three obligately psychrophilic marine vibrios, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Escherichia coli. In: Effect of the ocean environment on microbial activities, pp 180–202. Ed. by R.R. Colwell and R.Y. Morita. Baltimore: University Park Press 1974
Barrington, E.J.W.: The alimentary canal and digestion. In: The physiology of fishes, Vol. 1. pp 109–161. Ed. by M.E. Brown. New York: Academic Press 1957
Benecke, W.: Über Bacillus chitinovorous einen Chitin zersetzenden Spaltpilz. Bot. Ztg (Abt. I) 63, 227–242 (1905)
Benton, A.G.: Chitinovorous bacteria. J. Bact. 29, 449–464 (1935)
Chan, J.G.: The occurrence, taxonomy, and activity of chitinoclastic bacteria from sediment, water and fauna of Puget Sound, 312 pp. Ph.D. dissertation, Seattle: University of Washington 1970
Goodrich, T.D. and R.Y. Morita: Incidence and estimation of chitinase activity associated with marine fish and other estuarine samples. Mar. Biol. 41, 349–353 (1977)
Hahn, F.E.: Chloramphenicol. In: Antibiotics, Vol. 1. pp 308–330. Ed. by D. Gottlieb and P.D. Shaw. New York: Springer-Verlag 1967
Jeuniaux, C.: Chitinases: an addition to the list of hydrolases in the digestive tract of vertebrates. Nature, Lond. 192, 135–136 (1961)
—: Chitinases. Meth. Enzym. 8, 644–650 (1966)
—: Chitinous structures. In: Comprehensive biochemistry, Vol. 26C. pp 595–632. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1971
Jones, G.E.: Attachment of marine bacteria to zooplankton. Spec. scient. Rep. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. 299, 77–78 (1958)
Kaneko, T. and R.R. Colwell: Adsorption of Vibrio parahaemolyticus onto chitin and copepods. Appl. Microbiol. 29, 269–274 (1975)
Lear, D.W.: Occurrence and significance of chitinoclastic bacteria in pelagic waters and zooplankton. In: Symposium on marine microbiology, pp 594–610. Ed. by C.H. Oppenheimer. Springfield, Illinois: C.C. Thomas 1963
Okutani, K.: Studies of chitinolytic systems in the digestive tracts of Lateolabrax japonicus. Bull. Misaki mar. biol. Inst. 10, 1–47 (1966)
Seki, H. and N. Taga: Microbiological studies on the decomposition of chitin in marine environments. I. Occurrence of chitinoclastic bacteria in the neritic region. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan 19, 109–111 (1963a)
——: Microbiological studies on the decomposition of chitin in marine environments. V. Chitinoclastic bacteria as symbionts. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan 19, 158–161 (1963b)
——: Microbiological studies on the decomposition of chitin in marine environments. VI. Chitinoclastic bacteria in the digestive tracts of whales from the Antarctic Ocean. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan 20, 272–277 (1965a)
——: Microbiological studies on the decomposition of chitin in marine environments. VIII. Distribution of chitinoclastic bacteria in the pelagic and neritic waters. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan 21, 174–187 (1965b)
Sinderman, C.J. (Ed.): Diagnosis and control of mariculture diseases in the United States. Tech. Ser. natn. mar. Fish. Serv. 2, 1–306 (1974)
Timmis, K., G. Hobbs and R.C.W. Berkeley: Chitinolytic clostridia isolated from marine mud. Can. J. Microbiol. 20, 1284–1285 (1974)
ZoBell, C.E. and S.C. Rittenberg: The occurrence and characteristics of chitinoclastic bacteria in the sea. J. Bact. 35, 275–287 (1938)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by J.S. Pearse, Santa Cruz
Published as Technical Paper No. 4435, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. This research was supported by NIH training grant 5TO1 GM-00704 and NSF grant DES73-06611 AO2.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Goodrich, T.D., Morita, R.Y. Bacterial chitinase in the stomachs of marine fishes from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA. Mar. Biol. 41, 355–360 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00389101
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00389101