Abstract
Predation of different-sized Hyperoche medusarum (Hyperiida: Amphipoda) on larvae of the Pacific herring Clupea harengus pallasi was studied in the laboratory. The attacking rate of H. medusarum was a function of herring larvae size as well as size of the predator, and varied from 0.15 to 0.95 larvae attacked h-1 per hyperiid. In the range of 7.55 to 16.05 mm total larval length, vulnerability to predation was highest for 13.3 and 13.7 mm larvae. Large hyperiids swam faster and covered a wider area during searching and were more effective predators than small ones. Predation seemed to be influenced by light, and its intensity was dependent on the duration of previous food deprivation of the hyperiid.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Beukema, J.J.: Predation of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): the influence of hunger and experience. Behaviour 31, 1–126 (1968)
Bradl, Z. and C.H. Fernando: Feeding of the copepod Acanthocyclops vernalis on the cladoceren Ceriodaphnia reticulata under laboratory conditions. Can. J. Zool. 52, 99–105 (1974)
Confer, J.L. and J.M. Cooley: Copepod instar survival and predation by zooplankton. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 34, 703–706 (1977)
Davis, C.C.: Damage to fish fry by cyclopoid copepods. Ohio J. Sci. 59, 101–102 (1959)
Dixon, A.F.G.: An experimental study on the searching behaviour of the predatory coccinellid beetle Adalia decempunctata (L.). J. Anim. Ecol. 28, 259–281 (1959)
Fabian, M.W.: Mortality of fresh water and tropical fish fry by cyclopoid copepods. Ohio J. Sci. 60, 268–270 (1960)
Fox, L.R.: Factors influencing cannibalism, a mechanism of population limitation in the predator Notonecta hoffmanni. Ecology 56, 933–941 (1975)
Holling, C.S.: The functional response of invertebrate predators to prey density. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 48, 1–86 (1966)
Hoppenheit, M.: Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Hunger und Sättigung auf das Beutefangverhalten der Larve von Aeschna cyanea Müll. (Odonata). Z. wiss. Zool. 170, 309–322 (1964)
Kabata, Z.: Crustacea as enemies of fishes. In: Diseases of fishes, pp 128–133. Ed. by S.F. Snieszko and H.A. Axelrod. Jersey City, N.J.: Tropical Fish Hobbyist Publications 1970
Kerfoot, W.C.: Implications of copepod predation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 22, 316–325 (1977)
Lillelund, K.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über den Einfluß carnivorer Cyclopiden auf die Sterblichkeit der Fischbrut. Z. Fisch. 15, 29–43 (1967)
— and R. Lasker: Laboratory studies of predation by marine copepods on fish larvae. Fish. Bull. U.S. 69, 655–667 (1971)
O'Brien, W.J., N.A. Slade and G.L. Vinyard: Apparent size as the determinant of prey selection by the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Ecology 57, 1304–1310 (1976)
Rippingale, R.J. and E.P. Hodgkin: Predation effects on the distribution of a copepod. Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res. 25, 81–91 (1974)
Rosenthal, H.: Schwimmverhalten und Schwimmgeschwindigkeit bei den Larven des Herings Clupea harengus. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters. 18, 453–486 (1968)
—: Untersuchungen über das Beutefangverhalten bei Larven des Herings Clupea harengus. Mar. Biol. 3, 208–221 (1969)
Rosenthal, H.: Über die Geschwindigkeit der Sprungbewegung bei Cyclops strenuus (Copepoda). Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 57, 157–167
Sandness, J.N. and J.A. McMurtry: Prey consumption of Amblyseius largoensis in relation to hunger. Can. Ent. 104, 461–470 (1972)
Shelbourne, J.E.: A predator-prey size relationship for plaice larvae feeding on Oikopleura. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 42, 243–252 (1962)
Theilacker, G.H. and R. Lasker: Laboratory studies of predation by euphausiid shrimps on fish larvae. In: The early life history of fish, pp 287–299. Ed. by J.H.S. Blaxter. Berlin: Springer-Verlag 1974
Tugendhat Gardner, B.: Hunger and sequential responses in the hunting behaviour of salticid spiders. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 58, 167–173 (1964)
Westernhagen, H. von: Some aspects of the biology of the hyperiid amphipod Hyperoche medusarum. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters. 28, 43–50 (1976)
— and H. Rosenthal: Predator-prey relationship between Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, larvae and a predatory hyperiid amphipod, Hyperoche medusarum. Fish. Bull. U.S. 74, 669–674 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by O. Kinne, Hamburg
This study was sponsored by the International Bureau of the Gesellschaft für Kernenergiever-wertung in Schiffbau und Schiffahrt in connection with the German Canadian agreement on scientific and technical cooperation.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
von Westernhagen, H., Rosenthal, H., Kerr, S. et al. Factors influencing predation of Hyperoche medusarum (Hyperiida: Amphipoda) on larvae of the Pacific herring Clupea harengus pallasi . Mar. Biol. 51, 195–201 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386798
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386798