Summary
Alkanes from vanadium-based ethylene polymerizations were found to originate from ethylene insertion into the Al-R bond in the cocatalyst and from the polymerization catalyst. The alkanes from the catalyst mostly came from vanadium sites that are related to the silica support and the quantity of alkanes can be reduced by chemical treatment of the silica. The polymerization conditions also affected the quantity of alkanes with low hydrogen concentration, addition of comonomer, and the use of TMA (trimethylaluminum) as a cocatalyst reducing the concentration of alkanes in the polymer.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Boar, Ziegler-Natta Catalysts and Polymerizations, Academic Press, New York and London, 1979, Chapter 4
G.D. Malpass, US Patent 5,350,818, 1994 to Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
G.D. Malpass, US Patent 5,262,372, 1993, to Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
M.S. Ahluwalia and M.L. Junker, US Patent 4,665,143, 1987, to Cities Service Co.
S.A. Best, US Patent 4,954,471 1990, to Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
Y.V. Kissin, T.E. Nowlin and R.I. Mink, Macromolecules, 1993, 26, 2151–2158.
D. McFaddin and M. K. Reinking, J. Polymer Sci. Part A., 1995, 33, 563–570.
J. Skupinska, Chem. Rev., 1991, 91, 613–648, and references therein.
H.E. Podall, H.E. Petree, and J.R. Zietz, J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 1222–1226.
T. K. Rogers, US Patent, 4,426,317, 1984, to Cities Service Co. D. E. Aylward, US Patent, 4,435,520, 1984, to Cities Serviece Co.
B. A. Morrow and A. J. McFarlan, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1990, 120, 61–71.
D. L. Christman, J. Pol. Sci. Part A-1, 1972, 10, 471–487.
K. Ziegler, H.G. Gellert, K. Zosel, E. Holzkamp, J. Schneider, M. Soil and W.R. Kroll, Ann., 1960,629, 121–166.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Reinking, M.K. Studies on alkane formation in vanadium-based ethylene polymerizations. Polymer Bulletin 36, 563–568 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00342447
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00342447