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Effect of air flow rate, lime amendments, and chemical soil properties on the volatilization of ammonia from fertilizers applied to sandy soils

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Abstract

NH3 volatilization from surface-applied urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP), and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) was measured with chambers through which air was drawn continuously. Two sandy soils and two sandy loam soils, which had been treated with and without time for the last 25 years, were used for the experiments. The accumulated NH3 loss from CAN applied to an unlimed sandy soil was linearly related to time. For the other treatments the accumulated loss was exponentially related to time. The NH3 loss was exponentially related to the maximum soil pH of the fertilizer-amended soil, and was inversely related to the content of exchangeable H+. Due to the low cation exchange capacity of these light-textured soils the NH3 loss was not reduced as the soil CEC increased. The maximum pH after soil amendment was related to soil pH. Therefore, a model is proposed that relates the NH3 loss solely to fertilizers and soil pH. The NH3 loss was less than 5% from CAN, about 20% from DAP, and about 30% from urea, with the insignificant loss from urea applied to the unlimed sandy soil excluded. The NH3 loss from surface-applied DAP was related to the air flow rate and a transfer coefficient (K a) was estimated. K a increased exponentially with the flow rate. At a flow rate above 3.9 liters min−1 (20 volume exchanges min−1) no further increase was seen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Research Centre Foulum, The Danish Institute of Plant and Soil Science, PO Box 23, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark

    S. G. Sommer

  2. Department of Mathematics and Physics, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

    A. K. Ersbøll

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  1. S. G. Sommer
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Sommer, S.G., Ersbøll, A.K. Effect of air flow rate, lime amendments, and chemical soil properties on the volatilization of ammonia from fertilizers applied to sandy soils. Biol Fertil Soils 21, 53–60 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00335993

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