Abstract
The steady and dynamic shear properties of two non-aqueous drag-reducers (a medium molecular weight polyisobutylene and a commercial organic drag-reducer) in kerosene solutions over a wide range of temperature and concentration were presented. The intrinsic and zero-shear viscosity results were used to identify the concentrate regimes of these solutions. A characteristic time constant λ0, which was based on the spring-bead model for dilute solutions, was employed as the scaling parameter for both steady-shear and dynamic data over a wide range of concentration and temperature. The inadequacy of the Graessley reduced-variable method in the dilute region was illustrated. The shear-thinning behaviour of these polymer solutions could be described by the Carreau model. The dynamic data followed the Zimm and Rouse-like behaviour in the low and high frequency limits. The Cox-Merz rule was obeyed in the low shear rate and frequency regions. The Carreau and the zero-frequency Maxwell time constants appeared to be related to λ0 by a constant factor over a wide range of polymer concentrations. The finding provides a method for extrapolating viscoelastic information into the drag reduction regime, and could be useful for interpretation of drag reduction results.
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Abbreviations
- a T :
-
shift factor
- c :
-
concentration; superscript* denotes critical concentration
- E :
-
activation energy
- f :
-
Fanning friction factor
- G′ :
-
storage modulus
- G″ :
-
loss modulus
- k′ :
-
Huggin's constant
- k″ :
-
Kramer's constant
- K :
-
constant in Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation
- M :
-
molecular weight
- R :
-
gas constant
- Re:
-
Reynolds number
- t c :
-
Carreau time constant
- T :
-
temperature
- α:
-
power in Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation
- \(\dot \gamma \) :
-
shear rate
- \(\dot \gamma \) 0 :
-
critical shear rate
- δ:
-
loss tangent
- η:
-
viscosity
- η0 :
-
zero-shear viscosity
- η p :
-
polymer viscosity
- η s :
-
solvent viscosity
- η* :
-
complex viscosity
- η′:
-
G″/ω, dynamic viscosity
- η″:
-
G′/ω, elastic or storage “viscosity”
- [η]:
-
intrinsic viscosity
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Tiu, C., Moussa, T. & Carreau, P.J. Steady and dynamic shear properties of non-aqueous drag-reducing polymer solutions. Rheola Acta 34, 586–600 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712318
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712318