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Risk factors promote elevations of serum lipids in acne patients under oral 13-cis retinoic acid (isotretinoin)

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Summary

Ten patients with conglobate acne were orally treated with 13-cis retinoic acid (1 mg/kg/day). After completion of a 12-week treatment, five patients were further given 20% of the initial dose, whereas drug administration was discontinued in the other five patients. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were determined before, during, and after therapy.

Two of ten treated patients revealed abnormal serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels; triglycerides alone were pathologically increased in one patient, and abnormal cholesterol values alone could be found in three others. These changes reversed upon cessation of treatment or reduction of the administered dose. In some instances pathologic values returned to normal despite further administration of the initial 13-cis retinoic acid dosage. Only in two patients abnormal triglyceride and cholesterol levels persisted for more than 2 weeks after treatment was discontinued.

Risk factors, such as alcohol abuse, obesity, smoking, hyperlipemia in the family history or pretreatment values at the upper normal range were present in all patients with pathologic elevations of serum lipids during treatment. In contrast to the individual elevations the mean values of both triglyceride and cholesterol levels remained within normal limits. We suggest that individual risk factors most likely promote serum lipid abnormalities under 13-cis retinoic acid and would be therefore carefully considered in patients to be treated with this drug.

Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit Acne conglobata wurden 12 Wochen lang mit 1 mg/kg/Tag 13-cis-Retinsäure per os behandelt. Anschließend wurde die Dosis bei fünf Patienten auf 20% reduziert, bei den anderen fünf das Medikament abgesetzt. Bestimmungen des Serum-Triglycerid-und Cholesterinspiegels erfolgten zu Beginn, während und nach der Therapie. Pathologische Werte von Triglyceriden und Cholesterin wiesen während der Therapie zwei Patienten auf, einer zeigte Triglyceriderhöhung allein und bei drei weiteren war ein Anstieg des Cholesterins nachweisbar. Die pathologischen Erhöhungen gigen 14 Tage nach Absetzen des Medikamentes bzw. Reduktion der Dosis in den Normalbereich zurück. Gelegentlich kam es zur Normalisierung der Werte trotz Fortsetzung der initialen Retinoid-Dosis. Nur bei zwei Patienten persistierte die Erhöhung über einen längeren Zeitraum.

Risikofaktoren wie Alkoholabusus, Adipositas, Rauchen, Hyperlipidämie in der Familie sowie abnorme Ausgangswerte ließen sich bei allen Patienten mit pathologischen Erhöhungen der Blutlipide zuordnen. Im Gegensatz zu den individuellen Erhöhungen der Blutfette blieben die mittleren Werte im Kollektiv innerhalb der Norm. Offenbar begünstigen diese individuellen Risikofaktoren die Lipiderhöhungen im Serum unter 13-cis-Retinsäure und müssen daher bei der Indikationsstellung zur oralen Therapie mit Isotretinoin berücksichtigt werden.

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Gollnick, H., Tsambaos, D. & Orfanos, C.E. Risk factors promote elevations of serum lipids in acne patients under oral 13-cis retinoic acid (isotretinoin). Arch Dermatol Res 271, 189–196 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00412546

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