Abstract
During the Mauna Ulu flank eruption on Kilauea, Hawaii, the concentrations in the lavas of the minor elements K, P, Na and Ti, and the incompatible trace elements (analyzed by isotope dilution) K, Rb, Cs, Ba, Sr, and the REE (except Yb) decreased monotonically and linearly with the time (or date) of the eruption. At the same time, the concentrations of the major elements and of Yb, and the ratios of K/Rb, K/Cs, Ba/Rb, 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd remained constant. Most of the scatter in the raw concentration data is removed by a simple correction for olivine (plus chromite) fractionation previously established by Wright et al. (1975). These results are explained by simple equilibrium partial melting of a uniform source. The degree of melting increased by about 20% of the initial value during the course of the eruption. The trace element data are inverted by the method originated by Minster and Allègre (1978) and simplified by Hofmann and Feigenson (1983). The source has the following element (or isotope) ratios: K/Rb=501±7, Ba/Rb=14.0±0.5, Rb/Cs=95±7, Rb/Sr=0.0193 (+0.0045, −0.0090), (Ce/Ba)CN= 1.1±0.1, (Sr/Ba)CN=1.19 (+0.30, −0.19), 87Sr/86Sr=0.703521±0.000016, and 143Nd/144Nd=0.512966±0.000008. The REE pattern of the source has a nearly flat or slightly negative slope (=relative LREE enrichment) between Ce and Dy and a strongly positive slope between Dy and Yb. However, this relative HREE enrichment is poorly constrained by the analytical data, is highly model dependent and may not be a true source feature. The Yb concentration in the source is particularly poorly constrained because it is essentially constant in the melts. On the other hand, this special feature demonstrates that Yb must be buffered by a mineral phase with a high partition coefficient for Yb, namely garnet. The calculated clinopyroxene/garnet ratio in the source is roughly equal to one. In contrast, the source of Kohala volcano had previously been found to contain little or no garnet.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beswick AE (1976) K and Rb relations in basalts and other mantle derived materials: Is phlogopite the key? Geochim Cosmochim Acta 40:1167–1183
Beswick AE, Carmichael ISE (1978) Constraints on mantle source compositions imposed by phosphorus and the rare-earth elements. Contrib Mineral Petrol 67:317–330
Chase C (1981) Oceanic island Pb: two-stage histories and mantle evolution. Earth Planet Sci Lett 52:277–284
Consolmagno GJ, Drake MJ (1976) Equivalence of equations describing trace element distribution during equilibrium partial melting. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 40:1421–1422
DePaolo DJ, Wasserburg GJ (1976) Inferences about magma sources and mantle structure from variations of 143Nd/144Nd. Geophys Res Lett 3:143–146
Feigenson MD, Hofmann AW, Spera FJ (1983) Case studies on the origin of basalt, II. The transition from tholeiitic to alkalic volcanism on Kohala volcano, Hawaii. Contrib Mineral Petrol 84:390–405
Frey FA, Roden MF, Zindler A (1980) Constraints on mantle and source compositions by phosphorus and the rare-earth elements: Critical comments on the paper by A.E. Beswick and I.S.E. Carmichael. Contrib Mineral Petrol 75:165–173
Hanson GN (1980) Rare earth elements in petrogenetic studies of igneous systems. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 8:371–406
Harris DA, Anderson AT Jr (1983) Concentrations, sources and losses of H2O, CO2 and S in Kilauean basalt. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:1139–1150
Hart SR, Davis KE (1978) Nickel partitioning between olivine and silicate melt. Earth Planet Sci 40:203
Hofmann AW, Feigenson MD (1983) Case studies on the origin of basalt, I. Theory and reassessment of Grenada basalts. Contrib Mineral Petrol 84:382–389
Hofmann AW, White WM (1980) The role of subducted oceanic crust in mantle evolution. Carnegie Inst WLettash Yearb 79:477–483
Hofmann AW, White WM (1982) Mantle plumes from ancient oceanic crust. Earth Planet Sci Lett 57:421–436
Hofmann AW, White WM (1983) Ba, Rb and Cs in the Earth's mantle. Z Naturforsch 38a:256–266
Hofmann AW, Wright TL, Feigenson M (1978a) Trace element and Sr isotope abundances in recent lavas from Kilauea, Hawaii. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 77:590–596
Hofmann AW, Wright TL, Feigenson M (1978b) Trace element and isotope abundances in recent lavas from Kilauea, Hawaii. U.S. Geol Surv Open File Rept 78–701, 183–184
Hofmann AW, Wright TL (1979) Trace element fractionation and the nature of the residual phases during tholeiite production in Hawaii. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 78:335–340
Irving AJ (1978) A review of experimental studies of crystal/liquid trace element partitioning. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42:743–770
Jochum KP, Hofmann AW, Ito E, Seufert HM, White WM (1983) K, U, and Th in mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses and heat production, K/U and K/Rb in the mantle. Nature 306:431–436
Kay RW, Hubbard NJ (1978) Trace elements in ocean ridge basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 38:95–116
Leeman WP, Budahn JG, Gerlach DC, Smith DR, Powell BN (1980) Origin of Hawaiian tholeiites: trace element constraints. Am J Sci 280-A:794–819
Minster JF, Allègre CJ (1978) Systematic use of trace elements in igneous processes. Part III: Inverse problem of batch partial melting in volcanic suites. Contrib Mineral Petrol 68:37–52
Nakamura N (1974) Determination of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 38:757–775
Nicholls IA, Harris KC (1980) Experimental rare earth element partition coefficients for garnet, clinopyroxene and amphibole coexisting with andesitic and basaltic liquids. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:287–308
O'Hara MJ (1977) Geochemical evolution during fractional crystallization of a periodically refilled magma chamber. Nature 266:503–507
O'Hara MJ, Mathews RE (1981) Geochemical evolution in an advancing, periodically replenished, periodically tapped, continuously fractionated magma chamber. J Geol Soc London 138:237–277
O'Nions RK, Hamilton PJ, Evensen NM (1977) Variations in 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in oceanic basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 34:13–22
Shaw DM (1970) Trace element fractionation during anatexis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 34:237–243
Shimizu N (1974) An experimental study of the partitioning of K, Rb, Cs, Sr and Ba between clinopyroxene and liquid at high pressures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 38:1789–1798
Shimizu N, Kushiro I (1975) The partitioning of rare earth elements between garnet and liquid at high pressures: preliminary experiments. Geophys Res Lett 2:413–416
Sun SS (1980) Lead isotopic study of young volcanic rocks from mid-ocean ridges, ocean islands and island arcs. Phil Trans R Soc London A297:275–311
Tatsumoto M (1978) Isotopic composition of lead in oceanic basalt and its implication to mantle evolution. Earth Planet Sci Lett 38:63–67
Tera F, Eugster O, Burnett DS, Wasserburg GJ (1970) Comparative study of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr and Ba abundances in achondrites and in Apollo 11 lunar samples. Proc Apollo 11 Lunar Sci Conf 2:1637–1657
Treuil M, Joron JL (1975) Utilisation des elements hygromagmatophiles pour la simplification de la modelisation quantitative des processes magmatiques. Exemples de l'Afar et de la dorsale medio-Atlantique. Soc Italiana Minerel Petrol 31:125–174
Watson EB (1980) Apatite and phosphorus in mantle source regions: an experimental study of apatite/melt equilibria at pressures to 25 kbar. Earth Plant Sci Lett 40:322–335
Wright TL (1984) Origin of Hawaiian tholeiite: a metasomatic model. J Geophys Res 89:3233–3252
Wright TL, Swanson DA, Duffield WA (1975) Chemical compositions of Kilauea east-rift lava, 1968–1971. J Petrol 16:110–133
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hofmann, A.W., Feigenson, M.D. & Raczek, I. Case studies on the origin of basalt: III. Petrogenesis of the Mauna Ulu eruption, Kilauea, 1969–1971. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 88, 24–35 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371409
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371409