Summary
Evolution of rectal temperature (T re ) during recovery in different air temperatures was studied following different patterns of heat load before and after adaptation to work in heat (10 consecutive days). Three subjects have been exposed, after a 30 min rest period (T a = 28‡ C, P wa = 14 mb) to 4 heat loads, each producing 1‡ C increase in T re in approximatively 30 min (C 0∶T a = 50‡ C, P wa = 60 mb, W = 0 watt; C 1: 50‡ C, 42 mb, 50 W on bicycle ergometer; C 2: 39‡ C, 38 mb, 100 W and C 3: 28‡ C, 31 mb, 150 W). After each of these heat loads, subjects were allowed to recover during 2 h at T a = 28, 22 or 16‡ C (P wa = 14 mb).
Results show that: (a) the cooler was the T a , the faster was the recovery time; (b) before adaptation occurs, the evolution of T re depended on the preceding heat load pattern; (c) the more intense was the work load, the more the adaptation reduced time for subsequent recovery.
The interaction obtained between adaptation and intensity of preceding work load is discussed. The evolutions of leg skin temperatures suggest that a decreased local heat conductance (of inferior limbs) is associated with a local increase in external heat exchange. Adaptation to work in heat would take the form of a local re-adjustment of internal and external heat exchanges.
Résumé
Nous avons suivi l'évolution de la température rectale (T re ) au cours de la récupération consécutive à diverses charges thermiques (exogène, endogène ou mixte) avant et après une adaptation aux conditions expérimentales (10 jours consécutifs d'exposition à la condition C 1). Trois sujets ont subi après un repos de 30 min (T a = 28‡ C, P wa = 14 mb), 4 charges thermiques entraÎnant une élévation de T re de 1‡ C en 30 min environ (C 0∶T a = 50‡ C, P wa = 60 mb, W = 0 Watt; C 1: 50‡ C, 42 mb, 50 W; C 2: 39‡ C, 38 mb, 100 W et C 3: 28‡ C, 31 mb, 150 W). Indépendamment de la charge thermique subie, ils ont ensuite récupéré pendant 2 h, soit à 28, 22 ou 16‡ C de T a (P wa = 14 mb).
Les résultats montrent que: (a) la récupération est toujours plus rapide si la température d'air est plus fraÎche: (b) l'évolution de la température rectale est avant adaptation influencée par le type de contrainte thermique subie préalablement: (c) l'adaptation réduit d'autant plus la durée de récupération que la charge endogène antérieure a été plus intense.
Les résultats concernant le point (c) sont discutés. L'évolution des températures cutanées des membres inférieurs suggère une diminution de la conductance thermique locale (au niveau des membres inférieurs) associée à une augmentation locale du transport externe de chaleur. L'adaptation à l'exercice en ambiance chaude se traduirait par un double réajustement local des transports interne et externe de chaleur.
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Candas, V., Vogt, J.J., Hoeft, A. et al. Influence de l'adaptation au travail à la chaleur sur l'évolution de la température rectale au cours de la récupération. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 36, 193–205 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00421750
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00421750