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Ultrastructure of cleavage stages and preimplantation embryos of the baboon

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Summary

The baboon preimplantation stages were examined using light and electron microscopy. Six cases were studied at 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 days estimated fertilization age. The first 3 specimens were composed of 2, 8 and 24 blastomeres respectively. At 5 days, 30 to 40 cells were counted and more than 60 cells in later stages. Primitive “trophoblast cells” differentiate at 7 days and a crescentic blastocoele appears at 8 days. Shedding of the zona pellucida is not observed in the 7 and 8 day specimens. The preimplantation period is longer in the baboon than in man.

C-type viruses are observed in the zona pellucida, in the perivitelline and interblastomeric spaces. Microvilli and caveolae cover the periphery of the baboon conceptus. As in many other mammals, transformation of the mitochondria, changes in the ribosomes distribution, multivesicular bodies, myelin figures, nucleoli and intranuclear clusters of granules are described in the baboon. Cytoplasmic fibrous strands are not present as in the mouse. Experiments on the influence of hormones and drugs on ultrastructural changes would help to evaluate the importance of biohazards during the early development of primates.

Résumé

La structure et l'ultrastructure des embryons de babouin sont étudiées dans la période précédant l'implantation. Six stades du développement embryonnaire sont observés 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 et 8 jours après la date présumée de fécondation. Dans les 3 premiers cas, on compte respectivement 2, 8 et 24 blastoméres. A 5 jours, il y a 30 à 40 cellules et un nombre dépassant 60, ultérieurement. Des cellules trophoblastiques primitives se différencient à 7 jours et une cavité de segmentation en forme de croissant apparaît au 8 ème jour. La zone pellucide est toujours présente à 8 jours, la période de préimplantation semblant plus longue chez le babouin que chez l'homme.

Des particules de type C sont décrites dans la zone pellucide et les espaces périvitellin et interblastomériques. La transformation des mitochondries, des changements dans la répartition des ribosomes, des corps multivésiculaires, pseudocristallins et figures myéliniques, des nucléoles et amas granuleux intra-nucléaires s'observent chez le babouin comme chez certains autres Mammifères; par contre, les faisceaux fibrillaires cytoplasmiques sont absents. L'étude des changements de l'ultrastructure provoqués par des hormones et drogues permettrait de mieux évaluer la nocivité de ces substances pendant les premiers stades du développement embryonnaire des Primates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

    M. Panigel, D. C. Kraemer, S. S. Kalter, G. C Smith & R. L. Heberling

  2. Microscopie électronique appliquée à la Biologie, C.N.R.S., Paris, France

    M. Panigel, D. C. Kraemer, S. S. Kalter, G. C Smith & R. L. Heberling

  3. Microbiology, Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, San Antonio, Texas, USA

    M. Panigel, D. C. Kraemer, S. S. Kalter, G. C Smith & R. L. Heberling

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  1. M. Panigel
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  2. D. C. Kraemer
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  3. S. S. Kalter
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  4. G. C Smith
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  5. R. L. Heberling
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Panigel, M., Kraemer, D.C., Kalter, S.S. et al. Ultrastructure of cleavage stages and preimplantation embryos of the baboon. Anat. Embryol. 147, 45–62 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317963

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