Summary
Experimental carcinomas in the glandular stomach of rats were induced by oral administration of MNNG (M-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin) for 35 weeks or ENNG (N-ethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin) for 20 weeks. Rats were killed at different times after beginning of carcinogen treatment and tissue specimens were prepared for histologic investigation. Particular interest was placed on the development of tumors and on pathological findings possibly contributing to early diagnosis of stomach cancer. During the development of tumors, several dysplastic reactions were observed in the antral mucosa. They could be classified into 4 groups : One was regenerative hyperplasia (1) that meant irregular glandular proliferations without cell atypism at the margin of erosions and ulcers. This lesion was mainly found 1–9 weeks after administration of MNNG. In glandular hyperplasia (2) either crypts or glands were extended and mucosal layers were thickened. No signs of cell atypism were observed. This lesion was mainly found 12–17 weeks after administration of MNNG. Dysplasia (3) was combined with considerable structural modifications and cellular atypism. However, this lesion was limited to the mucosal layer. Neoplastic changes (4) were characterized by marked cellular atypism and extension to tunica submucosa and tunica serosa. Some tumors showed the histological patterns of benign tumors, but most of them were adenocarcinomas. In some cases metastases into pancreas, liver and lymph nodes and in one case into the 12th rib were observed. No particular enzyme patterns were found by histochemistry.
Zusammenfassung
Durch orale Applikation von MNNG (N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin) über 35 Wochen oder ENNG (N-äthyl-N′-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidin) über 20 Wochen wurden experimentelle Carcinome im Drüsenmagen von Ratten erzeugt. Die Tiere wurden in regelmäßigen Abständen nach dem Fütterungsbeginn getötet und die Tumoren histologisch aufgearbeitet. Dadurch waren die Entwicklungsphasen der Carcinogenese analysierbar, die für die Frühdiagnose des Magencarcinoms von Bedeutung sein können. Die histologischen Veränderungen während der Carcinogenese wurden in 4 Stadien eingeteilt :
-
1.
Die regenerative Hyperplasie findet sich 1–9 Wochen nach Fütterungsbeginn mit MNNG vorwiegend im Bereich von Erosionen und Geschwüren. Es handelt sich um unregelmäßige Drüsenproliferationen ohne Zellatypien.
-
2.
Die glanduläre Hyperplasie, die am häufigsten 12–17 Wochen nach MNNG-Gabe auftritt, besteht aus einer verdickten Schleimhaut mit vermehrten Drüsenschläuchen, die ebenfalls gut ausdifferenziert sind und kaum Atypien zeigen.
-
3.
Die Dysplasie zeigt sehr unregelmäßige Drüsen mit ausgeprägten Zellatypien, deren Ausdehnung jedoch auf die Schleimhaut beschränkt ist.
-
4.
Die Neoplasien bestehen aus undifferenzierten Drüsenproliferationen, die bis in die Tunica serosa vordringen. Zum Teil handelt es sich noch um Adenome, meist jedoch um Adenocarcinome. In einigen Fällen waren Metastasen in Pankreas, Leber und Lymphknoten nachweisbar, in einem Fall in einer Rippe. Histochemisch zeigten die Tumoren im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen keine charakteristischen Veränderungen.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baba,T., Misui,Y., Takayama,S.: Induction of cancer of the glandular stomach in a rat: A new form of experiment. GANN 53, 381–387 (1962)
Bralow,S.P.: Experimental gastric carcinogenesis. Digestion 5, 290–310 (1972)
Fujita,M., Taguchi,T., Takami,M, Usugane,M, Takahashi,A., Shiba,S.: Carcinoma and related lesion in dog stomach induced by oral administration of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. GANN 65, 207–214 (1974)
Grundmann,E.: Histologic types and possible initial stages in early gastric carcinoma. Beitr. Path. 154, 256–280 (1975)
Justrabo,E., Martin,M.S., Michiels,R., Martin,F., Bastien,H., Knopf,J.F., Cabanne,F.: Experimental gastro-intestinal neoplasma and hepatic cysts in rats induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Path. Europ. 10, 61–71 (1975)
Mori,K., Ohta,A.: Carcinoma of the glandular stomach of mice by 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline 1oxyde. GANN 58, 551–554 (1967)
Morson,B.B.: Precancerous and early malignant lesions of the large intestine. Brit. J. Surg. 55, 725–731 (1968)
Nagayo,T., Ito,M., Yamada,S.: Histogenesis and autoradiography of adenocarcinoma of the glandular stomach in rats induced by oral administration of N,N′-2,7-fluorenylenebisacetamide combined with irradiation to the stomach region. GANN 63, 143–151 (1972)
Narisawa,T., Sato,T., Hayakawa,H., Sakuma,A., Nakano,H.: Carcinoma of the colon and rectum of rats by rectal infusion of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. GANN 62, 231–234 (1971)
Odashima, S.: Combined effect of carcinogenesis with different action. IV. Effect of 7.12-dimethylbenzanthracene placed in an artificial diverticulum of the glandular stomach combined with feeding of N, N′-(2,7-Fluorenylene)-bis-acetamide to rats. GANN Monograph 3, 81–95 (1968)
Oehlert, W., Keller,P., Henke,M., Strauch,M.: Die Dysplasien der Magenschleimhaut. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 39, 1950–1956 (1975)
Saito,T., Inokuchi,K., Takayama,S., Sugimura, T.: Sequential morphological changes in N-methylN′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine carcinogenesis in the glandular stomach of rats. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 44, 769–783 (1970)
Saito,T., Sugimura,T.: Biochemical studies on carcinogenesis in the glandular stomach of rats with Nmethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. GANN 64, 373–381 (1973)
Soga,J., Tazawa,K., Kanahara,H., Hiraide,K.: Some characteristic features of spontaneous argyrophil cell carcinoma in glandular stomach of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. GANN Monograph 8, 15–38 (1969)
Stewart,H.L., Snell,K.C, Moris,H.P., Wagner,B.P., Ray,F.E.: Carcinoma of the glandular stomach of rats ingesting N,N′-2,7-Fluorenylen-bisacetamide. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monograph 5, 105–139 (1961)
Stewart, H.L., Snell, K.C., Moris, H.P.: Histologic criteria for the diagnosis of experimentally induced carcinoma and precancerous lesions of the glandular stomach of inbred strains of rats and comparison with transplantability. GANN Monograph 8, 353–375 (1969)
Sugimura,T., Fujimura,S.: Tumor production in glandular stomach of rats by N-methyl-N′-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine. Nature (Lond.) 216, 943–944 (1967)
Sugimura,T., Fujimura,S., Nagao,M., Yokoshima,T., Hasegawa,M.: Reaction of N-methyl-N′-nitroN-nitrosoguanidine with protein. Biochem. biophys. Acta 170, 427–429 (1969)
Sugimura,T.,Fujimura,S., Baba,T.: Tumor production in the glandular stomach and alimentary tract of the rat by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Cancer Res. 30, 544–565 (1970)
Takahashi,M., Fukushima,S., Sato,H.: Carcinogenic effect of N-methyl-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine with various kinds of surfactant in the glandular stomach of rats. GANN 64, 211–218 (1973)
Wiebecke,B., Gokel,J.M.: Experimentelle Cancerogenese des Magen-Darm-Kanals. A. Magen. Handbuch der allgemeinen Pathologie. Geschwülste. Tumors III, p.p. 693–730. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1975
Yamada,S., Ito,M., Nagayo,T.: Histological and autoradiographical studies on intestinal tumors of rat induced by oral administration of N,N′-2,7-Fluorenylenbisacetamide. GANN 62, 471–478 (1971)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. W.Altmann, Würzburg, June 7, 1976
This work was supported by a scholarship fund of Alexander-von-Humboldt-Foundation in BRD
Fellowship B of Alexander-von-Humboldt-Foundation
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Uchida, Y., Schlake, W., Roessner, A. et al. Development of tumors in the glandular stomach of rats after oral administration of carcinogens. Z. Krebsforsch. 87, 199–212 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00284378
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00284378