Skip to main content
Log in

Interactions among the bHLH domains of the proteins encoded by theEnhancer of split andachaete-scute gene complexes ofDrosophila

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Molecular and General Genetics MGG Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

TheEnhancer of split andachaete-scute gene complexes [E(spl)-C and AS-C] encode helix-loop-helix proteins required for neurogenesis inDrosophila. Using a heterologous bacterial system, we show that (i) the bHLH domains of the proteins encoded by the two gene complexes differ in their ability to form homo- and/or heterodimers; (ii) the bHLH domains of the E(spl)-C proteins m5, m7 and m8 interact with the bHLH domains of the Ac and Sc proteins. These bHLH domains form an interaction network which may represent the molecular mechanism whereby the competent state of the proneural cells is maintained until the terminal determination to neuroblast occurs. Also, the pattern of interactions of the bHLH domains of certain proteins encoded by the two gene complexes may explain their functional redundancy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alonso MC, Cabrera CV (1988) Theachaete-scute gene complex ofDrosophila melanogaster comprises four homologous genes. EMBO J 7:2585–2591

    Google Scholar 

  • Battaglia PA, Longo F, Ciotta C, Del Grosso MF, Ambrosini E, Gigliani F (1994) Genetic tests to reveal Tat homodimer formation and select Tat homodimer inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 201:701–708

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera CV, Martinez-Arias A, Bate M (1987) The expression of three members of theachaete-scute gene complex correlates with neuroblast segregation inDrosophila. Cell 50:425–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Campos-Ortega JA (1993) Early neurogenesis inDrosophila melanogaster. In: Bate M, Martinez-Arias A (eds) The development ofDrosophila melanogaster. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, pp 1091–1129

    Google Scholar 

  • Campuzano S, Modolell J (1992) Patterning of the Drosophila nervous system: theachaete-scute gene complex. Trends Genet 8:202–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Castagnoli L, Vetriani C, Cesareni C (1994) Linking an easily detectable phenotype to the folding of a common structural motif. Selection of rare turn mutations that prevent the folding of Rop. J Mol Biol 237:378–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Delidakis C, Artavanis-Tsakonas S (1992) TheEnhancer of split [E(spl)] locus ofDrosophila encodes seven independent helix-loop-helix proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:8731–8735

    Google Scholar 

  • Doe CQ, Goodman CS (1985) Early events in insect neurogenesis. II. The role of cell interactions and cell lineages in the determination of neural precursor cells. Dev Biol 111:206–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferré-D'Amaré AR, Prendergast GC, Ziff EB, Burley SK (1993) Recognition by Max of its cognate DNA through a dimeric b/HLH/Z domain. Nature 363:38–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez F, Romani S, Cubas P, Modolell J, Campuzano S (1989) Molecular analysis ofasense, a member of theachaete-scute complex ofDrosophila melanogaster, and its novel role in optic lobe development. EMBO J 8:3553–3562

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinz U, Giebel B, Campos-Ortega JA (1994) The basic-helix-loop-helix domain of Drosophila Lethal of scute protein is sufficient for proneural function and activates neurogenic genes. Cell 76:77–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu JC (1995) Repressor fusion as a tool to study protein-protein interactions. Structure 3:431–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennings B, Preiss A, Delidakis C, Bray S (1994) The Notch signalling pathway is required forEnhancer of split bHLH protein expression during neurogenesis in theDrosophila embryo. Development 120:3537–3548

    Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez F, Campos-Ortega JA (1990) Defective neuroblast commitment in mutants of theachaete-scute complex and adjacent genes ofDrosophila melanogaster. Neuron 5:81–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Knust E, Tietze K, Campos-Ortega JA (1987) Molecular analysis of the neurogenic locusEnhancer of split of Drosophila melanogaster. EMBO J 6:4113–4123

    Google Scholar 

  • Knust E, Schrons H, Grawe F, Campos-Ortega JA (1992) Seven genes of theEnhancer of split complex ofDrosophila melanogaster encode helix-loop-helix proteins. Genetics 132:505–518

    Google Scholar 

  • Longo F, Marchetti MA, Castagnoli L, Battaglia PA, Gigliani F (1995) A novel approach to protein-protein interaction: complex formation between the p53 tumor suppressor and the HIV Tat proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 206:326–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti A, Abril-Martin M, Illi B, Cesareni G, Nasi S (1995) Analysis of the Myc and Max interaction specificity with λ repressor-HLH domain fusions. J Mol Biol 248:541–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez C, Modolell J (1991) Cross-regulatory interactions between the proneuralachaete andscute genes ofDrosophila. Science 251:1485–1487

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller JH (1972) Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Murre C, Schonleber McCaw P, Baltimore D (1989) The amphipathic helix-loop-helix: a new DNA-binding and dimerization domain in immunoglobulin enhancer binding,daughterless, MyoD andmyc proteins. Cell 56:777–783

    Google Scholar 

  • Oellers N, Dehio M, Knust E (1994) bHLH proteins encoded by theEnhancer of split complex ofDrosophila negatively interfere with transcriptional activation mediated by proneural genes. Mol Gen Genet 244:465–473

    Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual (2nd edn). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (1977) DNA sequencing with chainterminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5463–5467

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauer RT, Pabo CO, Meyer BJ, Ptashne M (1979) Regulatory functions of the λ repressor reside in the amino-terminal domain. Nature 279:396–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrons H, Knust E, Campos-Ortega JA (1992) TheEnhancer of split complex and adjacent genes in the 96F region ofDrosophila melanogaster are required for segregation of neural and epidermal progenitor cells. Genetics 132:481–503

    Google Scholar 

  • Villares R, Cabrera CV (1987) Theachaete-scute gene complex ofDrosophila melanogaster: conserved domains in a subset of genes required for neurogenesis and their homology tomyc. Cell 50:415–424

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Communicated by J. A. Campos-Ortega

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gigliani, F., Longo, F., Gaddini, L. et al. Interactions among the bHLH domains of the proteins encoded by theEnhancer of split andachaete-scute gene complexes ofDrosophila . Molec. Gen. Genet. 251, 628–634 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02174111

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02174111

Key words

Navigation