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S- and I-type granitoids of North Victoria Land, Antarctica, and their inferred geotectonic setting

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Zusammenfassung

Im Gondwana Rahmen bildet Nord Victoria Land das antarktische Pendant zur ostaustralischen Lachlan Mobilzone, wo die Einteilung von Graniten in S- und I-Typen entwickelt wurde (Chappell &White 1974). Deshalb war eine überprüfung dieser neu entwickelten Hypothese eines der Arbeitsziele, als die deutschen Nord Victoria Land Expeditionen (Ganovex) dort 1979 ihre Arbeiten aufnahmen. An den bekannten zwei Granitgenerationen der Region wurden geologische, petrographische und geochemische Untersuchungen sowie Altersbestimmungen durchgeführt, deren Ergebnisse sich folgenderma\en zusammenfassen lassen.

Die ältere, kambro-ordovizische Granitfolge steht, analog zur Situation in Australien, in enger Beziehung zu einer bedeutenden Orogenese, während sich zur jüngeren, devonisch-karbonischen Suite kein zugehöriges tektonisches Ereignis finden lie\. Dies steht im Gegensatz zur Situation in Australien/Tasmanien.

Die S- und I-Typ Klassifikation, auf Nord Victoria Land angewendet, weist ähnliche Widersprüche auf, wie siePitcher (1982) zur Aufteilung der I-Typen in »kordillere« und »kaledonische« Sippen führten.

Plattentektonische Modelle, die in den letzten Jahren für diese Region am mobilen Rand Gondwanas unabhängig von der Granitklassifikation nach geologischen und tektonischen Kriterien entwickelt wurden, erlauben es, die vonPitcher entwickelten tektonischen Bildungsmilieus für verschiedene Granit-Typen zu überprüfen:

Die Charakteristiken der älteren (kambro-ordovizischen) Granite erlauben ein widerspruchsloses Einfügen in das aus anderen Kriterien abgeleitete Bild eines aktiven Kontinentalrandes über einer Subduktionszone.

Für die jüngeren (devonisch-karbonischen) Granite dagegen, die im Charakter den »kaledonischen« I-TypenPitchers entsprechen, sind die für deren Bildung postulierten Vorgänge, nämlich Hebung und Dehnung nach einer Kollision, in Nord Victoria Land nicht erkennbar.

Demnach erscheint zwar die KlassifikationPitchers sinnvoll, da sie in ihrer petrographisch-geochemischen Charakterisierung nachvollziehbar ist, aber das abgeleitete tektonische Milieu für die Bildung der »kaledonischen« Typen bedarf einer weiteren überprüfung.

Abstract

In the context of Gondwana North Victoria Land forms the Antarctic conjugate terrain to the East Australian Lachlan Fold Belt, where the distinction between S- and I-type granitoids was first worked out (Chappell &White 1974). Thus the area was considered a good testing ground for the hypothesis when the German Antarctic North Victoria Land Expedition (Ganovex) resumed fieldwork there in 1979/80.

It was known at that time that there existed a Cambro/Ordovician and a Devonian/Carboniferous granitoid generation, which, in analogy to Australia, were taken to be related to two different orogenetic events. Our geological, petrographical and geochemical investigations, together with radiometric age dating, revealed that this is true only for the older granite generation. The younger generation is in fact anorogenic. At the same time, it became obvious that the S- and I-type classification did not completely fit the observed field data. At this pointPitcher's (1982) subdivision of the I-types into a »Cordilleran« and a »Caledonian« suite offered a solution to account for the observed irregularities.

At about the same time, plate tectonic models based on evidence independent from the granite classification were developed for this part of the active Gondwana margin. This offers the opportunity to crosscheck the tectonic environment derived from the granite classification:

The characteristics of the older, Cambro/Ordovician granitoids allow a perfect accommodation in the model of an active margin above a subduction zone as derived from other evidence.

For the younger (Devonian/Carboniferous) granitoids, however, the postulated tectonic setting (post-collisional uplift and faulting) could not be verified in North Victoria Land.

It is concluded thatPitchers classification is applicable in its petrographic and geochemical aspects but that the tectonic environment postulated for the production of »Caledonian« I-type granitoids may not be the same in all investigated areas.

Résumé

Dans le contexte du Gondwana, la Terre Victoria est le pendant antarctique de la zone plissée de Lachlan, en Australie Orientale, où la distinction entre granites S et I a été établie pour la première fois (Chappel &White 1974). C'est pourquoi la vérification de cette hypothèse a été portée au programme de l'expédition allemande à la Terre Victoria en 1979–80 (Ganovex).

On connaissait à cette époque l'existence d'une génération cambro-ordovicienne et d'une génération dévono-carbonifère de granitoÏdes qui, par analogie avec l'Australie, avaient été rapportées à deux événements orogéniques différents. Nos investigations géologiques, pétrologiques, géochimiques et géochronologiques montrent que cette conclusion n'est vraie que pour les granites de la première génération. La seconde génération est, en fait, anorogénique. Il s'est avéré en mÊme temps que la répartition en types S et I ne correspond pas exactement aux observations de terrain. Par contre, la distinction introduite parPitcher (1982) parmi les granites I entre une série »de Cordillère« et une série »Calédonienne« peut expliquer les irrégularités que nous observons.

Environ à cette époque, des modèles géodynamiques basés sur des considérations indépendantes de la classification des granites ont été proposés pour cette partie de la marge active du Gondwana. Ces modèles permettent de recouper les considérations sur l'environnement tectonique des granites, déduites de leur classification:

Les caractères des granitoÏdes anciens, cambro-ordoviciens, s'accordent parfaitement au modèle d'une marge active surmontant une subduction.

Par contre, pour les granitoÏdes jeunes, dévono-carbonifères, la situation tectonique postulée (soulèvement et fracturation post-collision) n'a pas pu Être confirmée sur la Terre Victoria.

En conclusion, la classification dePitcher est applicable dans ses aspects pétrographiques et géochimiques, mais l'environnement tectonique qui préside à la formation de granitoÏdes de type »Calédonien I« n'est pas nécessairement le mÊme dans toutes les régions étudiées.

кРАткОЕ сОДЕРжАНИЕ

В РАМкАх гОНДВАНы сЕВ ЕРНАь жЕМль ВИктОРИИ ьВльЕтсь АНтАРктИЧЕскОИ плОЩ АДьУ сОпРьжЕННОИ с ВОстОЧНО-АВстРАлИИс кОИ пОДВИжНОИ жОНОИ Lachlan, гДЕ ОБРАжОВАлИсь гРА НИты тИпОВ S И I (Chappell & White, 1974). жАДАЧЕИ НЕМЕцкОИ А НтАРктИЧЕскОИ ЁкспЕДИцИИ к сЕВЕРНО И жЕМлЕ ВИктОРИИ (GANOVEX) В 1979 гОДУ БылА пРОВЕРкА ЁтОИ НОВОИ гИпОтЕжы. Дль ЁтОгО НА пРОБАх пР ОВЕлИ гЕОлОгИЧЕскИИ, пЕтРОгРАФИЧЕскИЕ И г ЕОхИМИЧЕскИЕ ИсслЕД ОВАНИь, А тАкжЕ ОпРЕДЕлИлИ ВОж РАст НА ДВУх ИжВЕстНы х пОкОлЕНИьх гРАНИтОВ. пОлУЧЕННыЕ ДАННыЕ гОВОРьт О слЕД УУЩЕМ: БОлЕЕ ДРЕВНьь кЕМБРИИскО-О РДОВИцкАь сВИтА гРАН ИтОВ, жДЕсь кАк И В АВстРАлИ И, тЕсНО сВьжАНА с ОБшИ РНыМИ пРОцЕссАМИ ОРОгЕНЕж ОВ, А БОлЕЕ пОжДНьь, ДЕВОНО-кАМЕННОУгОль НОгО ВОжРАстА, жДЕсь Н Е пРОьВльЕт сВьжИ с тЕктОНИЧЕскИ МИ сОБытИьМИ, ЧтО ОтлИ ЧАЕт ЕЕ От АВстРАлИИскО-тА сМАНскИх сВИт. ОсНОВы ВАьсь НА клАссИФИкАцИИ гРА НИтОВ НА тИпы S И I пРИМЕ НИтЕльНО к пОРОДАМ сЕВЕРНОИ жЕ МлИ ВИктОРИИ, НАхОДьт тЕ жЕ ОтклОНЕ НИь, кОтОРыЕ пОБУДИлИ пИтЧЕРА (Pitcher, 1982) пОДРАжДЕлИть тИп г РАНИтОВ I НА лИНИИ “кОРДИльЕР” И “ кАлЕДОНИД”.

с пОМОЩьУ МОДЕлИ тЕкт ОНИкИ плИт, РАжРАБОтА ННОИ жА пОслЕДНИЕ гОДы Дль ЁтОгО РЕгИОНА пОДВИж НОгО кРАь гОНДВАНы, НЕжАВИ сИМО От клАссИФИкАцИ И гРАНИтОВ пО гЕОлОгИЧЕскИМ И тЕ ктОНИЧЕскИМ кРИтЕРИ ьМ, УДАлОсь пРОВЕРИть Ус лОВИь ОБРАжОВАНИь, Оп ИсыВАЕМыЕ пИтЧЕРОМ пРИ ОБРАжОВ АНИИ гРАНИтОВ РАжлИЧ НОгО тИпА:

хАРАктЕРИстИкИ БОлЕ Е ДРЕВНИх — кЕМБРИИск О-ОРДОВИцкИх — гРАНИтОВ РАжРЕшАУт БЕж ВськИх ОгОВОРОк ВНЕстИ Их В ОБЩИЕ УслО ВИь пРЕОБРАжОВАНИь А ктИВНОгО МАтЕРИкОВОгО кРАь В ж ОНЕ жАсАсыВАНИь, ВыВЕ ДЕННыЕ Иж ДРУгИх кРИтЕРИЕВ. Д ль БОлЕЕ МОлОДых гРАН ИтОВ, ДЕВОНО-кАМЕННОУгОль НОгО пЕРИОДА, схОДНых с “кАлЕДОНскОИ” лИНИЕ И пИтЧЕРА, НА сЕВЕРНОИ жЕМлЕ ВИктОРИИ НЕ УстАНОВИ лИ пРОцЕссОВ, НЕОБхОД ИМых Дль тАкОгО ОБРАжОВАН Иь, ИМЕННО пОДЩЕМА И РА стьжЕНИь пОслЕ кОллИжИИ.

т. О., хОть клАссИФИкАцИ ь пИтЧЕРА, ОтОБРАжАУЩ Аь пЕтРОгРАФИЧЕскО-гЕО хИМИЧЕскИИ хАРАктЕР гРАНИтОВ, И ОРИгИНАльНА, НО ВытЕ кАУЩИЕ Иж НЕЕ тЕктОНИ ЧЕскИЕ пРОцЕссы, ОтВЕтстВЕН НыЕ жА ОБРАжОВАНИЕ пАлЕОжОИскОгО тИпА г РАНИтОВ, тРЕБУУт ДАль НЕИшИх ИсслЕДОВАНИИ В ЁтОМ Н АпРАВлЕНИИ.

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Vetter, U., Tessensohn, F. S- and I-type granitoids of North Victoria Land, Antarctica, and their inferred geotectonic setting. Geol Rundsch 76, 233–243 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01820585

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