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Baseline seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection among children and teenagers in Italy

Seroepidemiologie der Hepatitis A Virus-Infektionen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Italien

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Summary

During the period from May 1987 through November 1989, the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus infection (anti-HAV) was assayed by the ELISA method in the serum samples of 5,507 (54% males, 46% females) apparently healthy subjects three to 19 years old in Italy. Subjects were selected by a systematic cluster sampling in five different geographical areas of Italy. The overall prevalence of anti-HAV was 9.5%; it increased from 2.3% among children three to five-years-old to 16.3% in teenagers 17 to 19 years old (p<0.001). A slight preponderance of females was observed (10% versus 9.1%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence was significantly higher in Southern Italy than in Northern Italy (27.4% versus 4.8%; p<0.01). The prevalence of anti-HAV was inversely related to the fathers' years of schooling (O.R.3.3; 95% C.I.=2.5–4.2) and positively related to the family size (O.R. 2.4; 95% C.I.= 1.9–3.1). These findings indicate that, today, exposure to HAV infection at a young age in Italy is very low. However, sociodemographic factors are still important determinants in the spread of this infection.

Zusammenfassung

5507 Serumproben von gesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von drei bis 19 Jahren (54% männlichen, 46% weiblichen Geschlechts) wurden von Mai 1987 bis November 1989 mittels ELISA auf Antikörper gegen Hepatitis A Virus (anti-HAV) untersucht. Die Personen wurden systematisch in fünf verschiedenen geographischen Regionen Italiens nach soziodemographischen Gesichtspunkten ausgewählt. Die Gesamtprävalenz von anti-HAV betrug 9,5%. Drei bis fünf Jahre alte Kinder waren in 2,3% der Fälle positiv, Jugendliche im Alter von 17 bis 19 Jahren zu 16,3% (p<0,001). Mit 10% gegenüber 9,1% waren Mädchen etwas häufiger positiv als Jungen, doch war der Unterschied nicht signifikant. In Süditalien fand sich eine signifikant höhere anti-HAV-Prävalenz als in Norditalien (27,4% gegenüber 4,8%; p<0,01). Zwischen der Dauer des Schulbesuchs der Väter und anti-HAV-Prävalenz bei den Kindern bestand eine umgekehrte Korrelation (O.R. 3,3; 95% C.I.=2,5–4,2) während die Familiengröße direkt mit der anti-HAV-Prävalenz korrelierte (O.P 2,4; 95% C.I.=1,9–3,1). Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen besteht nach diesen Befunden zur Zeit in Italien eine sehr geringe Exposition gegenüber HAV-Infektionen. Soziodemographische Faktoren sind jedoch immer noch wichtige Determinanten für die Ausbreitung der Infektion.

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Stroffolini, T., Chiaramonte, M., Franco, E. et al. Baseline seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection among children and teenagers in Italy. Infection 19, 97–100 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01645576

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