Summary
Diaphyseal tibial bone of 12.5 – 13-day and 19-day-old embryos and 20-day-old hatched chicks infected with retrovirus MAV.2-O were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The viruses were associated with lining osteoblasts and osteocytes. Whereas the infection of the osteoblast layer seemed to be a transient stage, virus association with osteocytes was a constant and main ultrastructural feature. The viruses were found either in the osteoid or in the periosteocytic space of the bone lacunae. They arose from dense cytoplasmic areas located near the cell plasmalemma via a budding process. The newly budded virus particles often had a large tail or a fine stalk-like process lost in the extracellular space. The viruses underwent calcification by deposition of inorganic material and were incorporated in the bone trabeculae.
No production of virus was observed in typical osteoclasts with well-differentiated ruffled borders. The viral-induced avian osteopetrosis seemed to result from increased bone deposition through stimulation of osteoblast and osteocyte activities, whereas osteoclastic bone resorption seemed to be undisturbed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jungherr, E., Landauer, W.: A condition resembling osteopetrosis (marble bone) in common fowls, Storrs (Connecticut), Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.222:1–34, 1938
Holmes, J. R.: Postmortem findings in avian osteopetrosis, J. Comp. Pathol.71:20–27, 1961
Bell, D. J., Campbell, J. G.: Pathological and biochemical observations on virus-inducedosteopetrosis gallinarum. J. Comp. Pathol.71:85–93, 1961
Walker, D. G.: Experimental osteopetrosis, Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res.97:159–174, 1973
Smith, R. E., Moscovici, C.: The oncogenic effects of non-transforming viruses from avian myeloblastosis virus, Cancer Res.29:1356–1366, 1969
Banes, A. S., Smith, R. E.: Biological characterization of avian osteopetrosis, Infect. Immunol.16:876–884, 1977
Paterson, R. W., Smith, R. E.: Characterization of anemia induced by avian osteopetrosis virus, Infect. Immunol.22:891–900, 1978
Smith, R. E., Van Eldik, L. J.: Characterization of the immunosuppression accompanying virus-induced avian osteopetrosis, Infect. Immunol.22:452–461, 1978
Franklin, R. M., Martin, M. T.:In ovo tumorigenesis induced by avian osteopetrosis virus, Virology105:245–249, 1980
Simpson, C. F., Sanger, V. L.: Electron microscopy of the periosteum in experimental avian osteopetrosis, Cancer Res.26:590–595, 1966
Simpson, C. F., Sanger, V. L.: A review of avian osteopetrosis: comparisons with other bone diseases, Clin. Orthop.58:271–281, 1968
Boyde, A., Banes, A. J., Dillaman, R. M., Mechanic, G. L.: A morphological study of an avian bone disorder caused by myeloblastosis-associated virus, Metab. Bone Dis. Rel. Res.1:235–242, 1978
American Society for Testing Materials: X-ray powder diffraction file card No. 9-432. Philadelphia, 1967
Dudley, R., Spiro, D.: The fine structure of bone cells, J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol.11:627–649, 1961
Montelaro, R. C., Bolognesi, D. P.: Structure and morphogenesis of type-C retroviruses, Adv. Cancer Res.28:63–89, 1978
Anderson, H. C.: Matrix vesicles of cartilage in bone. In G. H. Bourne (ed.): The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, Vol. 4, pp. 135–137. Academic Press, New York, 1976
Dereszewski, G., Howell, D. S.: The role of matrix vesicles in calcification, Trends Biochem. Sci.3:115–153, 1978
Bab, I. A., Muhlrad, A., Sela, J.: Ultrastructural and biochemical study of extracellular matrix vesicles in normal alveolar bone of rats, Cell Tissue Res.202:1–7, 1979
Frank, R. M.: Electron microscope autoradiography of calcified tissues, Int. Rev. Cytol.56:183–253, 1979
Sanger, L., Holt, J. A.: Experimental tetracycline labeling in avian osteopetrosis, Can. J. Comp. Med. Vet. Sci.29:245–252, 1965
Banes, A. J., Smith, R. E., Mechanic, G. L.: Increased collagen synthesis in myeloblastosis-associated virus infected chicken embryo fibroblasts, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.82:723–726, 1978
Schmidt, E. V., Crapo, J. D., Harrelson, J. R., Smith, R. E.: A quantitative histologic study of avian osteopetrosis bone demonstrating normal osteoclast numbers and increased osteoblastic activity, Lab. Invest.44:164–173, 1981
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Frank, R.M., Franklin, R.M. Electron microscopy of avian osteopetrosis induced by retrovirus MAV.2-O. Calcif Tissue Int 34, 382–390 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02411272
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02411272