Skip to main content
Log in

Glycoprotein E of pseudorabies virus and homologous proteins in otheralphaherpesvirinae

  • Brief Review
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

This paper reviews biological properties of glycoprotein E (gE) of pseudorabies virus (Aujeszky's disease virus) and homologous proteins in otheralphaherpesvirinae. It focuses on the gene encoding gE, conserved regions in the gE protein and its homologs, the complex of gE and gI, biological functions of gE in vitro and in vivo, the role of gE in latency and the role of gE in the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses. Special emphasis is placed on the use of gE as a marker protein in the control and eradication of pseudorabies virus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Allen GP, Yeargan MR (1987) Use of lambda gt1 and monoclonal antibodies to map the gene for the six major glycoproteins of equine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 61: 2554–2461

    Google Scholar 

  2. Allen GP, Coogle LD (1988) Characterization of an equine herpesvirus type 1 gene encoding a glycoprotein (gp13) with homology to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein C. J Virol 62: 2850–2858

    Google Scholar 

  3. Arvin AM, Kinney-Thomas E, Shriver K, Grose C, Koropchak CM, Scranton E, Wittek AE, Diaz PS (1986) Immunity to varicellazoster viral glycoproteins, gpI (gp 90/58) and gpII (gp 118), and to a nonglycosylated protein, p170. J Immun 137: 1346–1351

    Google Scholar 

  4. Audonnet JC, Winslow J, Allen G, Paoletti E (1990) Equine herpesvirus type-1 unique short fragment encodes glycoproteins with homology to herpes simplex virus type 1 gD, gI and gE. J Gen Virol 71: 2969–2978

    Google Scholar 

  5. Baines JD, Roizman B (1993) The UL10 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 encodes a novel viral glycoprotein, gM, which is present in the virion and in the plasma membrane of infected cells. J Virol 67: 1441–1452

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bell S, Cranage M, Borysiewicz L, Minson T (1990) Induction of Immunoglobulin G Fc receptors by recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing glycoproteins E and I of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol 64: 2181–2186

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ben-Porat T, Kaplan AS (1962) The chemical composition of herpes simplex and pseudorabies virus. Virology 16: 261–266

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ben-Porat T, DeMarchi JM, Lomniczi B, Kaplan AS (1986) Role of glycoproteins of pseudorabies virus in eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Virology 154: 325–334

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ben-Porat T, DeMarchi JM, Pendrys J, Veach JA, Kaplan AS (1986) Proteins specified by the short unique region of the genome of pseudorabies virus play a role in the release of virions from certain cells. J Virol 57: 191–196

    Google Scholar 

  10. Binns MM, Ross NLJ (1989) Nucleotide sequence of the Marek's disease virus (MDV) RB-1B antigen gene and the identification of MDV A antigen as the herpes simplex virus-1 glycoprotein C homologue. Virus Res 12: 371–382

    Google Scholar 

  11. Brunovskis P, Chen X, Velicer LF (1992) Analysis of Marek's disease virus glycoproteins D, I, and E. Proc 19th World's Poultry Congress, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 118–121

  12. Buckmaster EA, Gompels U, Minson A (1984) J Characterization and physical mapping of an HSV-1 glycoprotein of approximately 115 × 103 molecular weight. Virology 139: 408–413

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bzik DJ, Fox BA, DeLuca NA, Person S (1984) Nucleotide sequence of a region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 gB glycoprotein gene: mutations affecting rate of virus entry and cell fusion. Virology 137: 185–190

    Google Scholar 

  14. Card JP, Whealy ME, Robbins AK, Moore RY, Enquist LW (1991) Two alphaherpesviruses strains are transported differentially in the rodent visual system. Neuron 6: 957–969

    Google Scholar 

  15. Card JP, Whealy ME, Robbins AK, Enquist LW (1992) Pseudorabies virus envelope glycoprotein gI influences both neurotropism and virulence during infection of the rat visual system. J Virol 66: 3032–3041

    Google Scholar 

  16. Card JP, Rinaman L, Lynn RB, Lee BH, Meade RP, Miselis RR, Enquist LW (1993) Pseudorabies virus infection of the rat central nervous system: ultrastructural characterization of viral replication, transport, and pathogenesis. J Neurosci 13: 2515–2539

    Google Scholar 

  17. Chatterjee S, Koga J, Whitley RJ (1989) A role of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein E in induction of cell fusion. J Gen Virol 70: 2157–2162

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chen X, Velicer LF (1992) Expression of the Marek's disease virus homolog of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B inEscherichia coli and its identification as B antigen. J Virol 66: 4390–4398

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cullinane AA, Neilan J, Wilson L, Davison AJ (1993) The DNA sequence of the equine herpesvirus 4 gene encoding glycoprotein gp17/gp18, the homologue of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D. J Gen Virol 74: 1959–1964

    Google Scholar 

  20. Davison AJ (1983) DNA sequence of the Us component of the varicella-zoster virus genome. EMBO J 2: 2203–2209

    Google Scholar 

  21. Davison AJ, Edson CM, Ellis RW, Forghani B, Gilden D, Grose C, Keller PM, Vafai A, Wroblewska Z, Yamanishi K (1986) New common nomenclature for glycoprotein genes of Varicella-zoster virus and their glycosylated products. J Virol 57: 1195–1197

    Google Scholar 

  22. Davison AJ, McGeoch DJ (1986) Evolutionary comparisons of the S segments in the genomes of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus. J Gen Virol 67: 597–611

    Google Scholar 

  23. Davison AJ, Scott JE (1986) The complete DNA sequence of varicella-zoster virus. J Gen Virol 67: 1759–1816

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dingwell KS, Brunetti CR, Hendricks RL, Tang O, Tang M, Rainbow AJ, Johnson DC (1994) Herpes simplex virus glycoproteins E and I facilitate cell-to-cell spread in vivo and across junctions of cultured cells. J Virol 68: 834–845

    Google Scholar 

  25. Dubin G, Socolof E, Frank I, Friedman HM (1991) Herpes simplex virus type 1 Fc receptor protects infected cells from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. J Virol 65: 7046–7050

    Google Scholar 

  26. Eberle R, Zhang M, Black DH (1993) Gene mapping and sequence analysis of the unique short region of the simian herpesvirus SA 8 genome. Arch Virol 130: 391–411

    Google Scholar 

  27. Edson CM (1993) Phophorylation of neurotropic alphaherpesvirus envelope glycoproteins: herpes simplex virus type 2 gE2 and pseudorabies virus gI. Virology 195: 268–270

    Google Scholar 

  28. Eloit M, Fargeaud D, Vannier P, Toma B (1989) Development of an ELISA to differentiate between animals either vaccinated with or infected by Aujeszky's disease virus. Vet Rec 124: 91–94

    Google Scholar 

  29. Eloit M, Vannier P, Hutet E, Fournier A (1992) Correlation between gI, gII, gIII, and gp50 antibodies and virus excretion in vaccinated pigs infected with pseudorabies virus. Arch Virol 123: 135–142

    Google Scholar 

  30. Fletcher TM, Gray WL (1993) DNA sequence and genetic organization of the unique short (Us) region of the simian varicella virus genome. Virology 193: 762–773

    Google Scholar 

  31. Flowers CC, O'Callaghan DJ (1992) The equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) homolog of herpes simplex virus type 1 US 9 and the nature of a major deletion within the unique short segment of the EHV-1 KyA strain genome. Virology 190: 307–315

    Google Scholar 

  32. Frank I, Friedman HM (1989) A novel function of the herpes virus type 1 Fc receptor: participation in bipolar bridging of antiviral immunoglobulin G. J Virol 63: 4479–4488

    Google Scholar 

  33. Fuchs W, Rziha H-J, Lucacs N, Braunschweiger I, Visser N, Lütticken D, Lukacs N, Schreurs CS, Thiel HJ, Mettenleiter TC (1990) Pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gI: in vitro and in vivo analysis of immunorelevant epitopes. J Gen Virol 71: 1141–1151

    Google Scholar 

  34. Ghiasi H, Kaiwar R, Nesburn AB, Slanina S, Wechsler SL (1992) Baculovirus-expressed glycoprotein E (gE) of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) protects mice against lethal intraperitoneal and lethal ocular HSV-1 challenge. Virology 188: 469–476

    Google Scholar 

  35. Giller RH, Winistorfer S, Grose C (1989) Cellular and humoral immunity to varicellazoster virus glycoproteins in immune and susceptible human subjects. J Infect Dis 160: 919–928

    Google Scholar 

  36. Gray WL, Gusick N, Fletcher TM, Pumphrey CY (1993) Characterization and mapping of simian varicella virus trancripts. J Gen Virol 74: 1639–1643

    Google Scholar 

  37. Grom J, Lind N, Ljung S (1992) Monoclonal blocking ELISA detecting Aujeszky's disease virus antibodies to the glycoproteins gI and gII. Proc. 12th IPVS Congress, Den Haag, pp 82

  38. Grose C, Edwards DP, Friedrichs WE, Wiegle KA, McGuire WL (1983) Monoclonal antibodies directed against three major glycoproteins of varicella-zoster virus. Infect Immun 40: 381–388

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hampl H, Ben-Porat T, Ehrlicher L, Habermehl KO, Kaplan AS (1984) Characterization of the envelope proteins of pseudorabies virus. J Virol 52: 583–590

    Google Scholar 

  40. Heffner S, Kovacs F, Klupp BG, Mettenleiter TC (1993) Glycoprotein gp50-negative pseudorabies virus: a novel approach toward a nonspreading live herpes vaccine. J Virol 67: 1529–1537

    Google Scholar 

  41. Homan EJ, Easterday BC (1983) Experimental latent and recrudescent bovine herpesvirus-1 infections in calves. Am J Vet Res 44: 309–313

    Google Scholar 

  42. Huang Z, Vafai A, Lee J, Mahalingam R, Hayward AR (1992) Specific lysis of targets expressing varicella-zoster virus gp I or gp IV by CD4+ human T-cell clones. J Virol 66: 2664–2669

    Google Scholar 

  43. Hutchinson L, Browne H, Wargent V, Davis-Poynter N, Primorac S, Goldsmith K, Minson AC, Johnson DC (1992) A novel herpes simplex virus glycoprotein, gL, forms a complex with glycoprotein H (gH) and affects normal folding and surface expression of gH. J Virol 66: 2240–2250

    Google Scholar 

  44. Hutchinson LK, Goldsmith K, Snoddy D, Ghosh H, Graham FL, Johnson DC (1992) Identification and characterization of a novel herpes simplex virus glycoprotein, gK, involved in cell fusion. J Virol 66: 5603–5609

    Google Scholar 

  45. Ito M, Ihara T, Grose C, Starr S (1985) Human leukocytes kill varicella-zoster virus-infected fibroblasts in the presence of murine monoclonal antibodies to virus-specific glycoproteins. J Virol 54: 98–103

    Google Scholar 

  46. Jacobs L, Meloen RH, Gielkens ALJ, Van Oirschot JT (1990) Epitope analysis of glycoprotein I of pseudorabies virus. J Gen Virol 71: 881–887

    Google Scholar 

  47. Jacobs L, Rziha HJ, Kimman TG, Gielkens ALJ, Van Oirschot JT (1993) Deleting valine-125 and cysteine-126 in glycoprotein gI of pseudorabies virus strain NIA-3 decreases plaque size and reduces virulence in mice. Arch Virol 131: 251–264

    Google Scholar 

  48. Jacobs L, Mulder WAM, Van Oirschot JT, Gielkens ALJ, Kimman TG (1993) Deleting two amino acids in glycoprotein gI of pseudorabies virus decreases virulence and neurotropism for pigs, but does not affect immunogenicity. J Gen Virol 74: 2201–2206

    Google Scholar 

  49. Jacobs L, Moonen-Leusen BMWM, Bianchi ATJ, Kimman TG (1993) Glycoprotein I of pseudorabies virus: epitope-specific antibody response in mice and pigs. Abst Int Symp Aujeszky's Disease, Budapest, Hungary, pp 11

  50. Johansson PJH, Myhre EB, Blomberg J (1985) Specificity of Fc receptors induced by herpes simplex virus type 1: comparison of immunoglobulin G from different animal species. J Virol 56: 489–494

    Google Scholar 

  51. Johnson DC, Feenstra V (1987) Identification of a novel herpes simplex virus type 1-induced glycoprotein which complexes with gE and binds immunoglobulin. J Virol 61: 2208–2216

    Google Scholar 

  52. Kaashoek MJ, Moerman A, Madic J, Rijsewijk FAM, Quak J, Gielkens ALJ, Van Oirschot JT (1993) A conventionally attenuated glycoprotein E negative strain of bovine herpesvirus type 1 is an efficacious and safe vaccine. Vaccine 12: 439–444

    Google Scholar 

  53. Katz JB, Pederson JC (1992) Analysis of glycoprotein I (gI) negative and aberrant pseudorabies viral diagnostic isolates. Am J Vet Res 12: 2259–2263

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kimman TG, De Wind N, Oei-Lie N, Pol JMA, Berns AJM, Gielkens ALJ (1992) Contribution of single genes within the unique short region of Aujeszky's disease virus (suid herpesvirus type 1) to virulence, pathogenesis and immunogenicity. J Gen Virol 73: 243–251

    Google Scholar 

  55. Kit S, Sheppard M, Ichimura H, Kit M (1987) Second-generation pseudorabies virus vaccines with deletions in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein genes. Am J Vet Res 48: 780–793

    Google Scholar 

  56. Klupp BG, Mettenleiter TC (1991) Sequence and expression of the glycoprotein gH gene of pseudorabies virus. Virology 182: 732–741

    Google Scholar 

  57. Klupp BG, Baumeister J, Karger A, Visser N, Mettenleiter TC (1994) Identification and characterization of a novel structural glycoprotein in pseudorabies virus, gL. J Virol 68: 3868–3878

    Google Scholar 

  58. Kost TA, Jones EV, Kaye MS, Reed AP, Brown AL, Miller TJ (1989) Biological evaluation of glycoproteins mapping to two distinct mRNAs within the BamHI fragment 7 of pseudorabies virus: expression of the coding regions by vaccinia virus. Virology 171: 365–376

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kovacs SzF, Mettenleiter TC (1991) Firefly luciferase as marker for herpesvirus (pseudorabies virus) replication in vitro and in vivo. J Gen Virol 72: 2999–3008

    Google Scholar 

  60. Kritas S, Pensaert MB (1993) Invasion and spread of different deletion mutants of Aujeszky's disease virus in the olfactory pathway of neonatal pigs. Abst Int Symp Aujeszky's Disease, Budapest, Hungary, p 21

  61. Kudelova M, Kostal M, Cervenakova L, Rajcani J, Kearner HC (1991) Pathogenicity and latency competence for rabbits of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ANGpath gC and gE defective mutants. Acta Virol (Praha) 35: 438–449

    Google Scholar 

  62. Kurlander RJ (1983) Blockade of Fc receptor-mediated binding to U937 cells by murine monoclonal antibodies directed against a variety of surface antigens. J Immunol 131: 140–147

    Google Scholar 

  63. Liang XP, Babiuk LA, Zamb TJ (1991) Pseudorabies virus gIII and bovine herpesvirus 1 gIII share complementary functions. J Virol 65: 5553–5557

    Google Scholar 

  64. Litwin V, Jackson W, Grose C (1992) Receptor properties of two varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins, gpI and gpIV homologous to herpes simplex virus gE and gI. J Virol 66: 3643–3651

    Google Scholar 

  65. Lomniczi B, Watanabe S, Ben-Porat T, Kaplan AS (1984) Genetic basis of the neurovirulence of pseudorabies virus. J Virol 52: 198–205

    Google Scholar 

  66. Longnecker R, Roizman B (1986) Generation of an inverting herpes simplex virus I mutant lacking the L-S junction a sequences, an origin of DNA synthesis, and several genes including those specifying glycoprotein E and the α47 gene. J Virol 58: 583–591

    Google Scholar 

  67. MacLean CA, Robertson LM, Jamieson FE (1993) Characterization of the UL10 gene product of herpes simplex virus type 1 and investigation of its role in vivo. J Gen Virol 74: 975–983

    Google Scholar 

  68. Marchioli CC, Yancey RJ, Wardley RC, Thomsen PR, Post LE (1987) A vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus with deletions in the thymidine kinase and glycoprotein X genes Am J Vet Res 48: 1577–1583

    Google Scholar 

  69. McFarland MD, Hill HT (1987) Vaccination of mice and swine with a pseudorabies virus mutant lacking thymidine kinase activity. Can J Vet Res 51: 340–344

    Google Scholar 

  70. McGeoch DJ, Dolan A, Rixon FJ (1985) Sequence determination and genetic content of the unique short region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Mol Biol 181: 1–13

    Google Scholar 

  71. McGeoch DJ, Davison AJ (1986) DNA sequence of the herpes simplex virus type 1 gene encoding glycoprotein gH, and identification of homologues in the genomes of varicella-zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus. Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4281–4292

    Google Scholar 

  72. McGeoch DJ, Dalrymple MA, Davison AJ, Dolan A, Frame MC, McNab D, Perry LJ, Scott JE, Taylor P (1988) The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol 69: 1531–1574

    Google Scholar 

  73. McGeoch DJ (1990) Evolutionary relationships of virion glycoprotein genes in the S regions of alphaherpesvirus genomes. J Gen Virol 71: 2361–2367

    Google Scholar 

  74. Meignier B, Longnecker R, Mavromara-Naros P, Sears AE, Roizman B (1988) Virulence of and establishment of latency by genetically engineered deletion mutants of herpes simplex virus 1. Virology 162: 251–254

    Google Scholar 

  75. Mellencamp MW, Pfeiffer NE, Suiter BT, Harness JR, Beckenhauer WH (1989) Identification of pseudorabies virus-exposed swine with a gI glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 27: 2208–2213

    Google Scholar 

  76. Mengeling WL (1991) Virus reactivation in pigs latently infected with a thymidine kinase negative vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus. Arch Virol 120: 57–70

    Google Scholar 

  77. Metcalf FJ, Chatterjee S, Koga J, Whitley RJ (1988) Protection against herpetic ocular disease by immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus glycoproteins. Intervirology 29: 39–49

    Google Scholar 

  78. Mettenleiter TC, Lucaks N, Rziha HJ (1985) Mapping of the structural gene of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein A and identification of two non-glycosylated precursor polypeptides. J Virol 53: 52–57

    Google Scholar 

  79. Mettenleiter TC, Lukacs N, Rziha HJ (1985) Pseudorabies virus avirulent strains fail to express a major glycoprotein. J Virol 56: 307–311

    Google Scholar 

  80. Mettenleiter TC, Lukacs N, Thiel HJ, Schreurs C, Rziha HJ (1986) Localization of the structural gene of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gII complex. Virology 152: 66–75

    Google Scholar 

  81. Mettenleiter TC, Schreurs C, Thiel H-J, Rziha H-J (1987) Variability of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein I expression. Virology 158: 141–146

    Google Scholar 

  82. Mettenleiter TC, Schreurs C, Zuckermann F, Ben-Porat (1987) Role of pseudorabies glycoprotein gI in virus release from infected cells. J Virol 61: 2764–2769

    Google Scholar 

  83. Mettenleiter TC, Zsak L, Kaplan A, Ben-Porat T, Lomniczi B (1987) Role of a structural glycoprotein of pseudorabies in virus virulence. J Virol 61: 4030–4032

    Google Scholar 

  84. Mettenleiter TC, Lomniczi B, Sugg N, Schreurs C, Ben-Porat T (1988) Host cell-specific growth advantage of pseudorabies virus with a deletion in the genome sequences encoding a structural glycoprotein. J Virol 62: 12–19

    Google Scholar 

  85. Mettenleiter TC, Schreurs C, Zuckermann F, Ben-Porat, Kaplan A (1988) Role of glycoprotein III of pseudorabies virus in virulence. J Virol 62: 2712–2717

    Google Scholar 

  86. Mettenleiter TC, Kern H, Rauh I (1990) Isolation of a viable herpesvirus (pseudorabies virus) mutant specifically lacking all four known nonessential glycoproteins. Virology 179: 498–503

    Google Scholar 

  87. Mettenleiter TC (1991) Molecular biology of pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 14: 151–163

    Google Scholar 

  88. Meyer AL, Petrovskis EA, Duffus WPH, Thomsen DR, Post LE (1991) Cloning and sequence of an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (BHV-1) gene homologs to glycoprotein H of herpes simplex virus. Biochem Biophys Acta 1090: 267–269

    Google Scholar 

  89. Moormann RJM, De Rover T, Briaire J, Peeters BPH, Gielkens ALJ, Van Oirschot JT (1990) Inactivation of the thymidine kinase gene of a gI deletion mutant of pseudorabies virus generates a safe but still highly immunogenic vaccine strain. J Gen Virol 71: 1591–1595

    Google Scholar 

  90. Nagesha HS, Crabb BS, Studdert MJ (1993) Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of five genes at the left end of the unique short region of the equine herpesvirus 4 genome. Arch Virol 128: 143–154

    Google Scholar 

  91. Nash AA, Leung KN, Wildy P (1985) The T-cell-mediated immune response of mice to herpes simplex virus. In: Roizman B, Lopez C (eds) The herpesviruses. Plenum Press, New York, pp 87–100

    Google Scholar 

  92. Neidhardt H, Schroder CH, Kaerner HC (1987) Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein E is not indispensable for viral infectivity. J Virol 61: 600–603

    Google Scholar 

  93. Ohmann HB, Babiuk LA (1988) Induction of receptors for complement and immunoglobulins by herpesviruses of various species. Virus Res 9: 335–342

    Google Scholar 

  94. Pensaert MB, De Smet K, De Waele K (1990) Extent and duration of virulent virus excretion upon challenge of pigs vaccinated with different glycoprotein-deleted Aujeszky's disease vaccines. Vet Microbiol 22: 107–117

    Google Scholar 

  95. Petrovskis EA, Timmins JG, Post LE (1986) Use of γgt11 to isolate genes for two pseudorabies virus glycoproteins with homology to herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins. J Virol 60: 185–193

    Google Scholar 

  96. Petrovskis EA, Post LE (1987) A small open reading frame in pseudorabies virus and implications for evolutionary relationships between herpesviruses. Virology 159: 193–195

    Google Scholar 

  97. Pol JM, Broekhuysen-Davies JM, Wagenaar F, La Bonnardiere C (1991) The influence of porcine recombinant interferon-alpha 1 on pseudorabies virus infection of porcine nasal mucosa in vitro. J Gen Virol 72: 933–938

    Google Scholar 

  98. Pumphrey CY, Gray WL (1992) The genomes of simian varicella virus and varicella-zoster virus are colinear. Virus Res 26: 255–266

    Google Scholar 

  99. Quint WGV, Gielkens ALJ, Van Oirschot JT, Berns AJM, Cuypers HT (1987) Construction and characterization of deletion mutants of pseudorabies virus: a new generation of “live” vaccines. J Gen Virol 68: 523–534

    Google Scholar 

  100. Rajcani J, Herget U, Kaerner HC (1990) Spread of herpes simplex virus (HSV) strains SC16, ANG, ANGpath and its glyC minus and glyE minus mutants in DBA-2 mice. Acta Virol (Praha) 34: 305–320

    Google Scholar 

  101. Rajcani JH, Herget U, Kostal M, Kearner HC (1990) Latency competence of herpes simplex virus strain ANG, ANGpath and its gC and gE minus mutant. Acta Virol (Praha) 34: 477–486

    Google Scholar 

  102. Rauh I, Weiland F, Keil GM, Mettenleiter TC (1991) Pseudorabies virus mutants lacking the essential glycoprotein gII can be complemented by glycoprotein gI of bovine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 65: 621–631

    Google Scholar 

  103. Rea TJ, Timmins JG, Long GW, Post LE (1985) Mapping and sequence of the gene for the pseudorabies virus glycoprotein which accumulates in the medium of infected cells. J Virol 54: 21–29

    Google Scholar 

  104. Reinhold WC, Straus SE, Ostrove JM (1988) Directionality and further mapping of varicella-zoster transcripts. Virus Res 9: 249–261

    Google Scholar 

  105. Robertson GR, Scott NA, Miller JM, Sabine M, Zheng M, Bell CW, Whalley JM (1990) Sequence characteristics of a gene in equine herpes virus 1 homologs to glycoprotein H of herpes simplex virus. DNA Seq 1: 241–249

    Google Scholar 

  106. Rock D, Lokensgard J, Lewis T, Kutish G (1992) Characterization of dexamethasone-induced reactivation of latent bovine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 66: 2484–2490

    Google Scholar 

  107. Roizman B (1990) Herpesviridae: a brief introduction. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM (eds) Field's virology, 2nd edn, vol 2. Raven Press, New York, pp 1787–1793

    Google Scholar 

  108. Roizman B, Baines J (1991) The diversity and unity of herpesviridae. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 14: 63–79

    Google Scholar 

  109. Roizman B, Kovler MB, Desrosiers RC, Fleckenstein B, Lopez C, Minson AC, Studdert MJ (1992) The familyHerpesviridae: an update. Arch Virol 123: 425–449

    Google Scholar 

  110. Rosenthal KL, Smiley JR, South S, Johnson DC (1987) Cells expressing herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gC but not gB, gD, or gE are recognized by murine virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Virol 61: 2438–2447

    Google Scholar 

  111. Ross LJN, Sanderson M, Scott SD, Binns MM, Doel T, Milne B (1989) Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Marek's disease virus homologue of glycoprotein B of herpes simplex virus. J Gen Virol 70: 1789–1804

    Google Scholar 

  112. Ross LJ, Binns MM, Pastoret J (1991) DNA sequence and organization of genes in a 5.5 kbp EcoRI fragment mapping in the short unique segment of Marek's disease virus (strain RB1B). J Gen Virol 72: 949–954

    Google Scholar 

  113. Sabin AB (1938) Progression of different nasally instilled viruses along different nervous pathways in the same host. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 38: 270–275

    Google Scholar 

  114. Sakaguchi M, Urakawa T, Hirayama Y, Miki N, Yamamoto M, Hirai K (1992) Sequence determination and genetic content of an 8.9 kb restriction fragment in the short unique region and the internal inverted repeat of Marek's disease virus type 1 DNA. Virus Genes 614: 365–378

    Google Scholar 

  115. Schang LM, Osorio FA (1993) A quantitative technique for the study of the latency of Aujeszky virus. Rev Sci Tech 12: 505–521

    Google Scholar 

  116. Scott SD, Smith GD, Ross NLJ, Binns MW (1993) Identification and sequence analysis of the homologues of the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein H in Marek's disease virus and the herpesvirus of turkeys. J Gen Virol 74: 1185–1190

    Google Scholar 

  117. Stegeman JA, Kimman TG, Van Oirschot JT, Tielen MJM, Hunneman WH (1994) Spread of Aujeszky's disease virus within pig herds in an intensively vaccinated region. Vet Rec (in press)

  118. Stegeman JA, Tielen MJM, Kimman TG, Van Oirschot JT, Hunneman WH, Berndsen FW (1994) Intensively regional vaccination with a gI-negative deletion vaccine markedly reduces pseudorabies virus infections. Vaccine (in press)

  119. Telford EAR, Watson MS, McBride K, Davison AJ (1992) The DNA sequence of equine herpesvirus-1. Virology 189: 304–316

    Google Scholar 

  120. Thomsen DR, Marchioli CC, Yancey Jr RJ, Post LE (1987) Replication and virulence of pseudorabies virus mutants lacking glycoprotein gX. J Virol 61: 229–232

    Google Scholar 

  121. Tonelli QJ (1991) Development and validation of Herdcheck pseudorabies virus gX and gI antibody test kits for use with genedeleted pseudorabies vaccines. Proc. 1th Int Symp Erad Pseudorabies virus. St. Paul, University of Minnesota pp 301

  122. Vafai A, Wroblewska Z, Mahalingham Z, Cabirac G, Wellish M, Cisco M, Gilden D (1988) Recognition of similar epitopes on varicella-zoster virus gpI and gpIV by monoclonal antibodies. J Virol 62: 2544–2551

    Google Scholar 

  123. Vafai A, Jensen K, Kubo R (1989) Existence of similar antigenic sites on varicellazoster virus gpI and gpIV. Virus Res 13: 319–336

    Google Scholar 

  124. Van Drunen Littel-van der Hurk S, Parker MD, Fitzpatrick DR, van der Hurk JV, Campos M, Babiuk LA, Zamb T (1992) Structural, functional, and immunological characterization of bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein gI exprressed by recombinant baculovirus. Virology: 190: 378–392

    Google Scholar 

  125. Vannier P, Hutet E, Bourgueil E, Caridet R (1991) Level of virulent virus excreted by infected pigs previously vaccinated with different glycoprotein deleted Aujeszky's disease vaccines. Vet Microbiol 29: 213–223

    Google Scholar 

  126. Van Oirschot JT, Rziha HJ, Moonen PJLM, Pol JMA, Van Zaane D (1986) Differentiation of serum antibodies from pigs vaccinated or infected with Aujeszky's disease virus by a competitive enzyme immunoassay. J Gen Virol 67: 1179–1182

    Google Scholar 

  127. Van Oirschot JT, Houwers DJ, Rziha HJ, Moonen PJLM (1988) Development of an ELISA for detection of antibodies to glycoprotein I of Aujeszky's disease virus: a method for the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated pigs. J Virol Methods 22: 191–206

    Google Scholar 

  128. Van Oirschot JT (1989) The antibody response to glycoprotein gI and the control of Aujeszky's disease virus. In: Van Oirschot JT (ed) Vaccination and control of Aujeszky's disease. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 129–138 (CEC Seminar)

    Google Scholar 

  129. Van Oirschot JT, Gielkens ALJ, Moormann RJM, Berns AJM (1990) Marker vaccines, virus protein-specific antibody assays and the control of Aujeszky's disease. Vet Microbiol 23: 85–101

    Google Scholar 

  130. Van Oirschot JT (1992) Properties of gI-negative vaccines and companion diagnostic tests for the eradication of Aujeszky's disease. Proc. 96th annual meeting of the United States Animal Health Association, Louisville, Kentucky, pp 405–416

  131. Van Vliet KE, De Graaf-Miltenburg LAM, Verhoef J, Van Strijp JAG (1993) Direct evidence for antibody bipolar bridging on herpes simplex virus-infected cells. Immunology 77: 57–64

    Google Scholar 

  132. Van Zijl M, Van Der Gulden H, De Wind N, Gielkens A, Berns A (1990) Identification of two genes in the unique short region of pseudorabies virus; comparison with herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. J Gen Virol 71: 1747–1755

    Google Scholar 

  133. Wagner EK (1985) Individual HSV transcripts. Characterization of specific genes In: Roizman B (ed) The herpesviruses, vol 3. Plenum Press, New York, pp 45–104

    Google Scholar 

  134. Wathen MW, Wathen LMK (1984) Isolation, characterization, and physical mapping of a pseudorabies virus mutant containing antigenically altered gp50. J Virol 51: 57–62

    Google Scholar 

  135. Watson RJ, Weis JH, Salstrom JS, Enquist LW (1982) Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D gene: nucleotide sequence and expression inEscherichia coli. Science 218: 318–384

    Google Scholar 

  136. Whalley JM, Robertson GR, Scott NA, Hudson GC, Bell CW, Woodworth LM (1989) Identification and nucleotide sequence of a gene in equine herpesvirus 1 analogous to the herpes simplex virus gene encoding the major envelope glycoprotein gB. J Gen Virol 70: 383–394 [Corrigendum 3513]

    Google Scholar 

  137. Whealy ME, Card JP, Robbins AK, Dubin JR, Rziha H-J, Enquist LW (1993) Specific pseudorabies virus infection of the rat visual system requires both gI and gp63 glycoproteins. J Virol 67: 3786–3797

    Google Scholar 

  138. Wittmann G, Bartenback G, Jakubik J (1976) Cell mediated immunity in Aujeszky's disease virus infected pigs I. Lymphocyte stimulation. Arch Virol 50: 215–222

    Google Scholar 

  139. Wittmann G, Rziha HJ (1989) Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) in pigs. In: Wittmann G (ed) Herpesvirus diseases of cattle horses and pigs. Kluwer, Boston, pp 230–325

    Google Scholar 

  140. Yao Z, Jackson W, Forghani B, Grose C (1993) Varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein gpI/gpIV receptor: expression, complex formation, and antigenicity within the vaccinia virus T7 RNA polymerase transfection system. J Virol 67: 305–314

    Google Scholar 

  141. Zamb TJ (1987) Identification of genes encoding the major immunogens of BHV-1: the mapping, subcloning, and expression in foreign systems of the gB, gC and gD homologs. 68th Annual meeting of the conference of research work in animal diseases, Chicago, 16–17 Nov 1987

  142. Zsak L, Mettenleiter TC, Sugg N, Ben-Porat T (1989) Release of pseudorabies virus from infected cells is controlled by several viral functions and is modulated by cellular components. J Virol 63: 5475–5477

    Google Scholar 

  143. Zsak L, Zuckermann F, Sugg N, Ben-Porat T (1992) Glycoprotein gI of pseudorabies virus promotes cell fusion and virus spread via direct cell-to-cell transmission. J Virol 66: 2316–2325

    Google Scholar 

  144. Zuckermann FA, Mettenleiter TC, Schreurs C, Sugg N, Ben-Porat T (1988) Complex between glycoproteins gI and gp63 of pseudorabies virus: its effect on virus replication. J Virol 62: 4622–4626

    Google Scholar 

  145. Zuckermann F, Zsak L, Mettenleiter TC, Ben-Porat T (1990) Pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gIII is a major target antigen for murine and swine-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Virol 64: 802–812

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jacobs, L. Glycoprotein E of pseudorabies virus and homologous proteins in otheralphaherpesvirinae . Archives of Virology 137, 209–228 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309470

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309470

Keywords

Navigation