Summary
Microtubules were visualized in the sperm ofTradescantia virginiana pollen tubes grownin vitro and processed for antitubulin immunocytochemistry. The sperm contain thick microtubule bundles from which emerge numerous branches of various dimensions disposed longitudinally and helically along the cell axis. Sperm are usually spindle or cigar-shaped, but cells of various sizes and shapes can be found. All contain microtubule arrays. No F-actin was detected in sperm using rhodamine-phalloidin staining. Sperm microtubules are discussed in terms of their potential roles in cell shaping and motility and their origin during generative cell division.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DAPI:
-
4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- IgG:
-
immunoglobulin G
- M+W:
-
Mascarenhas and Walker medium
- Mf:
-
microfilament
- Mt:
-
microtubule
- PBA:
-
phosphate-buffered saline
References
Burgess J (1970) Cell shape and mitotic spindle formation in the generative cell ofEndymion non-scriptus. Planta 95: 72–85
Cass DD (1973) An ultrastructural and Nomarski-interference study of the sperms of barley. Can J Bot 51: 601–605.
—,Karas I (1975) Development of sperm cells in barley. Can J Bot 53: 1051–1062
Coleman AW, Goff L (1985) Applications of fluorochromes to pollen biology. I. Mithramycin and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) as vital stains and for quantitation of nuclear DNA. Stain Tech 60: 145–154
Cresti M, Ciampolini F, Kapil RN (1984) Generative cells of some angiosperms with particular emphasis on their microtubules. J Submicrosc Cytol 16: 317–326
—,Ciampolini F, Tiezzi A (1986) Ultrastructural studies onNicotiana tabacum pollen tubes grown in different culture medium (preliminary results). Acta Bot Neerl 35: 285–292
Derksen J, Pierson ES, Traas JA (1985) Microtubules in vegetative and generative cells of pollen tubes. Eur J Cell Biol 38: 142–148
Dumas C, Knox RB, Gaude T (1985) The spatial association of the sperm cells and vegetative nucleus in the pollen grain ofBrassica. Protoplasma 124: 168–174
Dupuis I, Roeckel P, Matthys-Rochon E, Dumas C (1987) Procedure to isolate viable sperm cells from corn (Zea mays L) pollen grains. Plant Physiol 85: 876–878
Heslop-Harrison J, Heslop-Harrison Y (1984) The disposition of gamete and vegetative-cell nuclei in the extending pollen tubes of a grass species,Alopecurus pratensis L. Acta Bot Neerl 33, 131–134
—,Heslop-Harrison Y (1987) An analysis of gamete and organelle movement in the pollen tube ofSecale cereale L. Plant Sci 51: 203–213
Hoefert LL (1969) Fine structure of sperm cells in pollen grains ofBeta. Protoplasma 68: 237–240
Karas I, Cass DD (1976) Ultrastructural aspects of sperm cell formation in rye: evidence for cell plate involvement in generative cell division. Phytomorphology 26: 36–45
Lafleur GJ, Gross AE, Mascarenhas JP (1981) Optimization of culture conditions for the formation of sperm cells in pollen tubes ofTradescantia. Gamete Res 4: 35–40
Lancelle SA, Cresti M, Hepler PK (1987) Ultrastructure of the cytoskeleton in freeze-substituted pollen tubes ofNicotiana alata. Protoplasma 140: 141–150
Matthys-Rochon E, Vergne P, Detchepare S, Dumas C (1987) Male germ unit isolation from three tricellular pollen species:Brassica oleracea, Zea mays andTriticum aestivum. Plant Physiol 83: 464–466
McConchie CA, Hough T, Knox RB (1987) Ultrastructural analyses of the sperm cells of mature pollen of maize,Zea mays. Protoplasma 139: 9–19
Mogensen HL (1986) On the male germ unit in an angiosperm with bicellular pollen,Hippeastrum vitatum. In:Mulcahy DL, Mulcahy GB, Ottaviano E (eds) Biotechnology and ecology of pollen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 297–305
—,Wagner VT (1987) Associations among components of the male germ unit followingin vivo pollination in barley. Protoplasma 138: 161–172
Palevitz BA (1987 a) Actin in the preprophase band ofAllium cepa. J Cell Biol 104: 1515–1519
— (1987 b) The accumulation of F-actin during cytokinesis inAllium. Correlation with microtubule distribution and the effects of drugs. Protoplasma 141: 24–32
— (1988) Cytochalasin-induced reorganization of actin inAllium root cells. Cell Motil Cytoskel 9: 283–298
Perdue TD, Parthasarathy MV (1985) In situ localization of Factin in pollen tubes. Eur J Cell Biol 39: 13–20
Pierson ES, Derksen J, Traas JA (1986) Organization of microfilaments and microtubules in pollen tubes grownin vitro orin vivo in various angiosperms. Eur J Cell Biol 41: 14–18
Russell SD (1984) Ultrastructure of the sperm ofPlumbago zeylanica. II. Quantitative cytology and three-dimensional organization. Planta 162: 385–391
— (1985) Preferential fertilization inPlumbago: Ultrastructural evidence for gamete-level recognition in an angiosperm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 6129–6132
— (1986 a) Isolation of sperm cells from the pollen ofPlumbago zeylanica. Plant Physiol 81: 317–319
— (1986 b) Dimorphic sperm, cytoplasmic transmission and preferential fertilization inPlumbago zeylanica. In:Mantell SH, Chapman GP, Street P (eds) The chondriome. Longman Group, London, pp 69–116
—,Cass DD (1981) Ultrastructure of the sperms ofPlumbago zeylanica. I. Cytology and association with the vegetative nucleus. Protopolasma 107: 85–107
Sanger JM, Jackson WT (1971) Fine structure study of pollen development inHaemanthus katherinae Baker. II. Microtubules and elongation of the generative cells. J Cell Sci 8: 303–315
Tiezzi A, Cresti M, Ciampolini F (1986) Microtubules inNicotiana pollen tubes: ultrastructural, immunofluorescence and biochemical data. In:Cresti M, Dallai R (eds) Biology of reproduction and cell motility in plants and animals. University of Siena, Siena, pp 87–94
Valnes K, Brandtzaeg P (1985) Retardation of immunofluorescence fading during microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 33: 755–761
Wylie RB (1923) Sperm ofVallisneria spiralis. Bot Gaz 75: 191–201
Zhou C, Orndorff K, Allen RD, DeMaggio AE (1986) Direct observations on generative cells isolated from pollen grains ofHaemanthus katherinae Baker. Plant Cell Rep 5: 306–309
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Palevitz, B.A., Cresti, M. Microtubule organization in the sperm ofTradescantia virginiana . Protoplasma 146, 28–34 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01354292
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01354292