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Ultrastrukturelle Befunde bei 9 Feten nach pränataler Diagnose von Neurolipidosen

Ultrastructural findings in nine fetuses with neurolipidoses after prenatal biochemical diagnosis

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Summary

After positive prenatal enzymic diagnosis of different neurolipidoses therapeutic abortion was carried out in the 19th to 25th week of pregnancy. Ten delivered fetuses were studied ultrastructurally and in nine of them positive results were obtained, although in some cases one had to accept relatively poor structural conservation of fetal tissues. The ultrastructure of the quantitatively small lipid storage effects qualitatively resembled that of the postnatal stages with some exceptions of localization. In fetal GM2-gangliosidosis type 2 (variant 0) concentric menbranous cytoplasmic bodies were detected in the brain cortex. In Krabbe's disease the myelinated regions of the spinal cord showed scattered storage (globoid) cells, sometimes closely related to blood vessels, which contained isolated or stranded tubular or spicular inclusions. In GM1-gangliosidosis type 1 neurons of the brain stem showed lamellar inclusions structured as zebra bodies, and splenic histiocytes exhibited numerous almost clear cytoplasmic vacuoles. In fetal metachromatic leukodystrophy the CNS including myelinated regions was essentially free of morphologic lipid storage effects. However, many kidney tubules cells contained great numbers of irregular or roughly parallel stacks of membranes. These inclusions may be equivalent to “tuffstone” bodies. In one fetus the bodies were restricted to tubular cells bearing microvilli. Fluorescent microscopy of arcus of the kidney tubule showed excess amounts of metachromatic material. Less of this material was demonstrable in the envelope layer of hepatic Glisson triangles. In the fetus with Niemann-Pick disease type C large neurons of the basal ganglia and the spinal cord were filled with membranous inclusions that were similar to myelin-shaped bodies rather than to solid membranous bodies. The 19-weeks-old fetus with enzymically proven Gaucher disease was free of ultrastructural lipid storage effects. Most but not all of the morphological findings in the fetuses with neurolipidoses were in accordance with published results.

Zusammenfassung

Nach positiver enzymatischer Pränataldiagnose aus der Amnionzellkultur lieferte die morphologische Untersuchung von 10 Feten (19.–25. Schwangerschaftswoche) mit sechs verschiedenen Neurolipidosen (Sphingolipid-Speicherkrankheiten) bei 9 Feten ein positives Ergebnis, wobei der nicht immer optimale Erhaltungszustand der fetalen Gewebe nach therapeutischer Abruptio in Kauf genommen werden mußte. Die Ultrastruktur der quantitativ meist noch geringen Lipidspeicherprozesse in Gehirn oder viszeralen Organen glich qualitativ jener der postnatalen Speicherprozesse: GM2-Gangliosidose Type 2; Nachweis von „menbranous cytoplasmic bodies“ lysosomalen Ursprungs in Fortsätzen von Nervenzellen des Groß-hirns. Morbus Krabbe; Auftreten von einkernigen und mehrkernigen Speicherzellen, z. T. mit Gefäßbeziehung, im Rückenmark. In den Speicherzellen traf man auf spieß- oder lamellenförmige, teils auch fädig strukturierte Einschlußkörper. GM1-Gangliosidose Typ 1; in Nervenzellen des Hirnstamms Vorkommen intrazytoplasmatischer lysosomaler Speicherkörper vom „Zebra“-Typ, in der Milz fanden sich durch zahlreiche, kaum strukturierte Vakuolen geblähte Speicherzellen. Metachromatische Leukodystrophie; im Gegensatz zu Literatur-Befunden waren keine Speicherprozesse im fetalen Hirn und Rückenmark, jedoch starke Speicherungen in den Nierentubuli in Form multilamellärer (zirkulär, parallel oder unregelmäßig geschichteter) Speicherkörper, teils mit Prävalenz in den Zellen mit Mikrovilli, nachweisbar. Fluoreszenzmikroskopisch war metachromatisches Material in Nierentubuli und Sammelrohren, ferner auch in der Leber (Grenze der Glissonschen Dreiecke zum Parenchym) darstellbar. Morbus Niemann-Pick Typ C; große Nervenzellen des Rückenmarks und der Stammganglien enthielten zahlreiche Myelinfiguren-artige Einschlußkörper, die den postnatalen lysosomalen Speicherkörpern in Nervenzellen bei dieser Erkrankung ähneln. Morbus Gaucher; der erst 19 Wochen alte Fet zeigte trotz biochemisch eindeutigen Defekts der Glucocerebrosidase-Aktivität noch keine Speicherphänomene. Die bereits pränatal oft deutliche morphologische Manifestation der Speicherprozesse bei Neurolipidosen zeigt, daß die postnatale Latenz der klinischen Erscheinungen während mehrerer Monate (bisweilen 1–2 Jahre) einem hohen Grad an zellulärer Kompensationsfähigkeit entspricht.

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Diese Arbeit enthält die Ergebnisse der medizinischen Dissertation von G. S., Tübingen, 1982

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Suchlandt, G., Schlote, W. & Harzer, K. Ultrastrukturelle Befunde bei 9 Feten nach pränataler Diagnose von Neurolipidosen. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 232, 407–426 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00345597

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