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Peroneal muscular atrophy with ataxia and partial myoclonic epilepsy

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Summary

Two brothers, 17 and 11 years old, presented with pes cavus, absence of deep tendon reflexes, peripheral vibratory sensory loss, ataxia, tremor, nystagmus, dysarthria and partial myoclonic epilepsy. Electromyography showed severe slowing of motor conduction velocity in the lower extremities and increased distal latencies. A peroneal nerve biopsy showed absence of myelin sheath in most fibres resulting in numerous demyelinated nerve fibres. The father and seven uncles on the paternal side had pes cavus, hammer toes and moderate vibratory peripheral sensory loss. Three of seven siblings had slow motor conduction velocities on EMG. None had EEG abnormalities. Epilepsy started at an early age in both patients with myoclonic jerks of the right arm especially during sleep. EEG recordings were characterized by focal or diffuse epileptiform discharges. In the elder brother a partial motor epileptic status occurred with adversive seizures involving the right side of the body. He died of a broncopneumonia after 3 days of this epileptic status. Histopathological examination showed a severe demyelination of dentato-rubral pathways in the cerebellum and a partial degeneration of Goll and Burdach's tracts in the cervical spinal cord. The nosological classification of this syndrome is discussed and an autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity is suggested.

Zusammenfassung

Bei zwei Brüdern im Alter von 17 und 11 Jahren fanden sich Pes cavus, fehlende Muskeleigenreflexe, hochgradig gestörte Tiefensensibilität, eine Ataxie, ein Nystagmus, eine Dysarthrie und eine partielle Epilepsie mit myoklonischen Anfällen. Elektromyographisch ließ sich eine hochgradige Verlangsamung der motorischen Erregungsleitung an den unteren Extremitäten mit verlängerter distaler Latenz nachweisen. Eine Biopsie des Nervus peronaeus ergab einen vollständigen Myelinverlust zahlreicher Fasern. Sowohl der Vater wie 7 Onkel väterlicherseits hat einen Pes cavus, Hammerzehen und leichte periphere Sensibilitätsstörungen. Bei 3 von 7 Untersuchten fanden sich eine Verlangsamung der motorischen Erregungsleitung peripherer Nerven. EEG im Bereiche der Norm.

Die epileptischen Anfälle manifestierten sich zunächst als Myoklonie der oberen rechten Extremitäten besonders während des Schlafes. Im EEG der beiden Exploranden zeigten sich fokale oder generalisierte epileptische Entladungen. Beim älteren der Brüder trat ein Status partialer motorischer Anfälle mit rechtsseitigen Adversiv-Attacken auf. Er starb plötzlich an einer Bronchopneumonie am 3. Tag des Status epilepticus. Die neuropathologische Untersuchung ergab eine nahezu vollständige Demyelinisierung des Tractus dentatorubralis und eine partielle Degeneration des Gollschen und Burdachschen Tractus im Halsmark. Die Zuordnung dieses Syndromes wird diskutiert und es wird eine autosomal dominante Vererbung mit unvollständiger Penetranz beziehungsweise unterschiedlicher Expressivität angenommen.

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Angelini, C., Micaglio, G.F., Armani, M. et al. Peroneal muscular atrophy with ataxia and partial myoclonic epilepsy. J Neurol 226, 1–13 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00313313

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