A microcomputer-controlled titrator for automated individual analysis

doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84985-5

Analytica Chimica Acta

Volume 95, Issue 2, 15 December 1977, Pages 97-106

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84985-5 Get rights and content

Abstract

A titration unit for automatic analysis systems is described. The titrator performs different titrations specified by strings of digital parameters. It has 4 independent titration stations with individual electrode systems. A multiburette with 20 cylinders provides all stations with the necessary reagents. End-point titrations, and incremental and equilibrium titrations are controlled by a microcomputer. In combination with a sample transport and a desk calculator, the titrator can be used to process automatically samples of different natures which require different treatment.

References (4)

J.T. van Gemert
Talanta
(1973)
J.K. Foreman et al.
(1975)

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (11)

Automatic titrators
1988, Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry
This chapter presents an overview of commercial and non-commercial titrators excluding flow systems or continuous titrators. Although the number of direct instrumental methods of analysis is growing steadily, titrations are still common practice in routine analyses carried out in many laboratories, probably as result of the lack of sufficiently selective instrumental methods and of the greater sensitivity of automatic titrations. Manual titrations, on the other hand, are time-consuming and the accuracy of the results obtained depends to a great extent on the operator's skill. A titration usually involves two distinct aspects, namely the control of the performance of the actual titration and the calculation procedure(s). Titrators are wet-chemistry analytical Instruments comparable in complexity to current process gas chromatographs. They are normally expensive and cannot be run for long periods unattended, though their reliability has reached a point where maintenance efforts are chiefly concerned with the sample system and with ensuring that an adequate supply of reagent is on hand.
Digital techniques in electrochemistry
1985, Surface Technology
A generalized approach for the calculation and automation of potentiometric titrations Part 1. Acid-Base Titrations
1984, Analytica Chimica Acta
Fast and accurate calculation procedures for pH and redox potentials are required for optimum control of automatic titrations. The procedure suggested is based on a three-dimensional titration curve V = f(pH, redox potential). All possible interactions between species in the solution, e.g., changes in activity coefficients and influences of redox potential on pH variations, are taken into account. The number of titrant additions can be reduced considerably without loss of precision, by using the fact that the pH of a protolyte or mixture of protolytes at some fraction titrated does not depend strongly on the actual concentration.
A simple automatic system using the HP-85 microcomputer for programmed potentiometric titration
1983, Talanta
A simple way of constructing an automatic titration system is proposed, based on combination of a digital pH-meter and an automatic burette with an HP-85 microcomputer. An inexpensive interface unit based on a MOTOROLA 6800 has been developed, which permits communication of the computer with the pH-meter and the burette. The system constructed is very flexible and can find wide application in potentiometric titration and direct potentiometry with different kinds of ion-selective electrodes.
Computer-controlled titrations. Part 2. Equipment and performance
1982, Analytica Chimica Acta
Experimental verification of the theoretical considerations in Part 1 is reported for automated titrations. The most advanced approach is based on the use of a general computer network with a host computer and satellite microcomputers. The combination of the calculation facilities of the host computer and the control functions of the microprocessor makes it possible to control titrations in a sophisticated manner. Several algorithms for both continuous and discontinuous titrations are tested. For comparison, the description of the network concept is preceded by consideration of a simple dedicated microcomputer system, which is more usual in automated titrations because of the cheap hardware. A powerful control algorithm, which is quite easy to understand, is tested in several potentiometric titrations with one or more end-points.
Microprocessor-controlled system for automatic acquisition of potentiometric data and their non-linear least-squares fit in equilibrium studies
1980, Talanta
A microprocessor-controlled potentiometric titration apparatus for equilibrium studies is described. The microprocessor controls the stepwise addition of reagent, monitors the pH until it becomes constant and stores the constant value. The data are recorded on magnetic tape by a cassette recorder with an RS232 input—output interface. A non-linear least-squares program based on Marquardt's modification of the Newton—Gauss method is discussed and its performance in the calculation of equilibrium constants is exemplified. An HP 9821 desk-top computer accepts the data from the magnetic tape recorder. In addition to a fully automatic fitting procedure, the program allows manual adjustment of the parameters. Three examples are discussed with regard to performance and reproducibility.

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A microcomputer-controlled titrator for automated individual analysis

Abstract

Talanta