Comparison of cell-walls of Lolium multiflorum with cotton cellulose in relation to their digestion with enzymes associated with cellulolysis

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(73)80674-0

Phytochemistry

Volume 12, Issue 4, April 1973, Pages 763-766

https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80674-0 Get rights and content

Abstract

Activities of several enzymes associated with cellulolysis were compared using as substrates cell-walls of Lolium multiflorum and cotton cellulose. Purified enzymes C₁ (see Ref. 1 for definition), C._x (CM-cellulase) and β-glucosidase were employed as well as culture filtrates containing C_x. Activities were determined by ability to digest the substrates and to release H₂O-soluble phenolic compounds from the grass cell-walls. The culture filtrates most active on cotton cellulose were obtained using the fungi Trichoderma viride and Fusarium solani; with grass cell-walls the most active were from T. viride, Gliocladium roseum, a species of Basidiomycetes, and one strain of Myrothecium verrucaria (IMI Strain 25 291). For the crude enzyme preparations tested, there were highly significant correlations between the digestibility of grass cell-walls and the UV-absorption of the filtrate at λ_max 290 nm and at λ_max 324 nm but there was no significant correlation between the digestibility of grass cell-walls and that of cotton cellulose. Partially purified C₁ and C_x from two different fungal sources showed activity on both substrates. Differences in MW of the H₂O-soluble phenolic compounds obtained by treatment of grass cell-walls with C₁ and C_x components suggest that these enzymes could have different modes of action. Synergism between C₁ and C_x from T. koningii occurred with both substrates but with C₁ and C_x from F. solani synergism only occurred with cotton cellulose.

References (6)

R.D. Hartley
Phytochem.
(1973)
E.T. Reese et al.
J. Bact.
(1950)
T.M. Wood
Biochem. J.
(1972)

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (22)

Esterases of xylan-degrading microorganisms: Production, properties, and significance
1993, Enzyme and Microbial Technology
This review focuses on the description of recently discovered esterase enzymes involved in xylan degradation (acetyl xylan, feruloyl, and p-coumaroyl esterases). The occurrence of these enzymes in various microorganisms, assays used for determination of their activity, induction and production on different substrates, interaction with other xylanolytic enzymes, mode of action, substrate specificity, and biochemical characteristics are presented. The nature of substrates on which acetyl xylan esterase, feruloyl, and p-coumaroyl esterase are active and their role in xylan hydrolysis is emphasized. The potential applications of xylan-debranching esterases are outlined and their significance to applied microbiology is discussed.
Synergism in cellulase systems
1991, Bioresource Technology
Synergism between different cellulase components exists when they are acting simultaneously on insoluble cellulosic substrates. However, the degree of synergism observed appears to depend on several factors, including the type of substrate and the nature of a particular cellulase component. Cross-synergism between the cellobiohydrolase and endoglucanase components from different sources also occurs. The mechanism of synergism between components is not yet understood, but there is a clear relationship between the ability of an endoglucanase component to be adsorbed on the surface of cellulose and its potential to synergistically interact with a cellobiohydrolase. Also, the degree of synergism is greatest when the substrate is not saturated with enzyme.
Plant Cell-Walls
1984, Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry
This chapter provides an overview of plant cell-walls. The cell wall is an envelope that encases the plant cell. The wall must be rigid enough to give the plant strength and form, and yet, if necessary, it must yield freely to facilitate growth. The network of cell walls, where adjoining cells have a wall in common, provides in a plant the structural framework analogous to both the skin and the bones of an animal. In some plants, especially those having woody tissues, the strength of this cell-wall network is prodigious. However, despite their apparently tough sheathing, the cells of the growing regions of a plant are able to extend to many times their initial length. The cell wall lies outside the plasma membrane, which defines the boundaries of the cell itself. The wall is freely permeable to most molecules, but the membrane exhibits selective permeability tending to concentrate certain dissolved molecules and ions inside the cell. The presence of such charged components as acidic polysaccharides within the wall imparts ion-exchange properties to the wall. The chapter discusses the concepts related to the types of cell-wall polysaccharides and elaborates the methods used in the elucidation of primary-wall structure. It also presents an overview of cell-wall glycoproteins.
Phenolic Constituents of the cell walls of dicotyledons
1981, Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
A survey was made of the UV fluorescence behaviour of the cell walls of 251 species in 150 families of dicotyledons. The unlignified cell walls of species in the Caryophyllales (Centrospermae) fluoresced blue, which changed to green with increased intensity after treatment with NH₃, indicating the presence of bound ferulic acid. Walls isolated from species in this order were shown to contain the bound acid, which was absent from the walls of species in families of the other orders.
Phenolic constituents of the cell walls of monocotyledons
1980, Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
Monocotyledons of 104 species in 52 families were divided into two groups depending on the UV fluorescence behaviour of their cell walls. The unlignified cell walls of the first group, fluoresced blue, which changed to green with increased intensity after treatment with NH₃ due to the presence of bound ferulic acid. The isolated cell walls of members of the first group were shown to contain bound ferulic, p-coumaric and diferulic acids. These acids were absent from cell walls of the second group. The first group contained families of the Commelinidae of Cronquist, the Palmae (part of the Arecidae), and the Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae, and Haemodoraceae (all part of Liliidae). The other families of the latter two subclasses and those of the Alismatidae belonged to the second group.
Phenolic components and degradability of cell walls of grass and legume species
1977, Phytochemistry
Cell walls separated from the aerial parts of Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne and Phleum pratense contained bound cis and trans ferulic and p-coumaric acids and diferulic acid which were released from the walls by treatment with sodium hydroxide. The total content of these acids in L. multiflorum ranged from 5 to 16.8 mg/g of wall, the trans-ferulic acid content varying between 2.8 and 8.9 mg/g of wall. In addition, small amounts of p-hydroxybenzoic acid were released from senescent leaf blade plus sheath parts. Cell walls from legume species gave much smaller amounts of the acids, the total content of aerial parts of Trifolium pratense being <0.8 mg/g of wall. The degra dability of the cell walls with a commercial cellulase preparation was determined and the water-soluble phenolic compounds released were estimated by UV absorption spectroscopy.

View all citing articles on Scopus

^☆: Part II in the series “Lignin-carbohydrate linkages in plant cell-walls”. For Part I see Ref. 2.

View full text

Comparison of cell-walls of Lolium multiflorum with cotton cellulose in relation to their digestion with enzymes associated with cellulolysis☆

Abstract

Phytochem.

J. Bact.

Biochem. J.