Design of a 180° electron scattering facility

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Abstract

The study of elastic electron scattering from nuclei, at angles near 180°, permits an examination of nuclear magnetic multipole distributions as well as the testing of certain aspects of quantum electrodynamics. Apparatus has therefore been designed to enable such experiments to be performed at the Stanford Mark III linear accelerator. The special problems connected with 180° elastic scattering are discussed. In general, it is necessary to subtract from the data, contributions from ordinary charge (Coulomb) scattering. This background is mainly due to electrons which scatter at angles other than 180° and yet enter the detector because of multiple scattering in the target, finite beam spread and finite solid angle.

180° scattering is achieved by passing the incident beam through a magnetic field before it strikes the target. Background scattered electrons then pass through the field a second time, bending away from the incident beam, and enter a spectrometer. The momentum range restrictions of the magnet optics and the optimization of the solid angle are discussed. A novel method is presented of varying the scattering angle around 180° without causing significant phase space restrictions. Practical details of the apparatus are discussed and an outline of the data reduction methods used in such experiments is presented.

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Research supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, Contract [Nonr 225 (67)].

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