A thin plastic scintillator time-zero detector and flux monitor

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(91)90011-E

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Volume 301, Issue 3, 15 March 1991, Pages 457-464

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Abstract

A time-zero detector and beam flux monitor to be used with intermediate energy heavy ions has been developed. It is based on a self-supporting thin film of plastic scintillator placed at one focus of a high-quality ellipsoidal mirror. The light emitted is concentrated on the photocathode of a photomultiplier tube situated at the other focus. The performance with respect to light output, time resolution and detection efficiency has been studied for various ions. An intrinsic time resolution of 177 ps has been measured for a heavy-ion beam depositing 14.1 MeV in the scintillator.

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Polarization observables in nuclear reactions with stable beams have provided important information concerning structural properties of nuclei and reaction mechanisms and hold great promise in the context of exotic nuclei. We report on the development of a polarized target based on plastic foils of 20–200 μm thickness to be used with radioactive ion beams. The operation of such a target requires a moderately high magnetic field and very low temperatures. The plastic foil is placed inside a chamber attached to the mixing chamber of a ³He–⁴He dilution refrigerator. Cooling of the foil is achieved via a superfluid film of ⁴He that can be supplied through two capillaries. The chamber has two thin, highly uniform silicon nitride windows. An NMR coil is attached to the target to monitor the polarization. Results of a first test to characterize the target system, using the elastic scattering of 38 MeV ¹²C by protons in inverse kinematics are presented.
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Spin polarized probes are used in a wide range of experiments in nuclear physics including the determination of spin structure functions and tests of fundamental symmetries. At low energies, light stable polarized beams have been used for spectroscopic purposes. We propose to extend these types of experiments to nuclei far from stability by using radioactive ion beams (RIBs) and polarized targets. Towards this goal we intend to develop a solid polarized proton and/or deuterium target in the thickness range between 20 μm and 100 μm based on a scintillating (active) polymeric foil. Such a target would be a useful tool in the determination of excitation functions in resonant reactions, in studies of one-nucleon transfer reactions using RIBs as well as in probing the matter density of atomic nuclei. If scintillating, it could also help remove the background associated with the scattering of the radioactive beam.
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A thin plastic scintillator time-zero detector and flux monitor

Abstract

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