A CCD-based vertex detector for SLD

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(90)90491-N

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Volume 288, Issue 1, 1 March 1990, Pages 236-239

https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)90491-N Get rights and content

Abstract

The long R&D programme devoted to this novel form of detector is now coming to an end, and the production of the detector is beginning. This final paper on the R&D work highlights the lessons which have been learned in expanding the coverage from 2 to 500 CCDs.

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CMOS cameras revolutionized the visible imaging world, and now also move into other fields. After years of intensive research with significant progress and introduction in a few experiments, monolithic active pixel sensors integrating sensor matrix and readout in one piece of silicon are considered for wider application in high energy physics. Detailed requirements and implementation of CMOS sensors in high energy physics differ from those for visible light. This paper tries to give an overview.
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Development of a super B-factory monolithic active pixel detector - The Continuous Acquisition Pixel (CAP) prototypes
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Over the last few years great progress has been made in the technological development of Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) such that upgrades to existing vertex detectors using this technology are now actively being considered. Future vertex detection at an upgraded KEK-B factory, already the highest luminosity collider in the world, will require a detector technology capable of withstanding the increased track densities and larger radiation exposures. Near the beam pipe the current silicon strip detectors have projected occupancies in excess of 100%. Deep sub-micron MAPS look very promising to address this problem. In the context of an upgrade to the Belle vertex detector, the major obstacles to realizing such a device have been concerns about radiation hardness and readout speed. Two prototypes implemented in the TSMC 0.35 μm process have been developed to address these issues. Denoted the Continuous Acquisition Pixel, or CAP, the two variants of this architecture are distinguished in that CAP2 includes an 8-deep sampling pipeline within each 22.5 μm² pixel. Preliminary test results and remaining R&D issues are presented.
A fast CCD vertex detector for the future linear collider: Some recent developments
2001, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Citation Excerpt :
Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been used for over 15 years as vertex detectors in high energy physics experiments. They were initially used in a fixed-target charm-production experiment (NA32) [1], and then very successfully in two generations of vertex detector in the SLD experiment at the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) [2,3]. They are ideal candidates for a high-precision vertex detector in the linear collider environment, having already demonstrated (with 1990s technology) excellent two-dimensional space-point resolution (∼3.5 μm), a very small layer thickness (0.4% X0) and negligible cable plant owing to the very high level of signal multiplexing (>105).
Experiments at a future e⁺e⁻ linear collider will require a high-performance vertex detector to identify heavy quarks in multi-jet final states. The SLD experiment at SLAC has successfully demonstrated that charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are ideal candidates for this role, offering excellent two-dimensional spatial resolution with extremely low mass.This paper discusses recent R&D studies aimed at further reducing the vertex detector material budget and significantly increasing the CCD readout speed, in order to extend the physics reach of the future linear collider. A radical new CCD architecture is described, which would enable a CCD-based vertex detector to be used in the extremely challenging environment of the superconducting TESLA collider.
Light quark fragmentation in polarized Z<sup>0</sup> decays at SLD
2001, Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements
We report results on two physics topics from the SLD experiment at the SLAC Linear Collider, using our full sample of 550,000 events of the type e⁺ e⁻ → Z⁰ → q $q$ . The electron beam was polarized, enabling the quark and antiquark hemispheres to be tagged in each event. One physics topic is the first study of rapidities signed such that positive rapidity is along the quark rather than antiquark direction. Distributions of ordered differences in signed rapidity between pairs of particles are analyzed, providing the first direct observation of baryon number ordering along the q $q$ axis. The other topic is the first direct measurement of A_s, the parity-violating coupling of the Z⁰ to strange quarks, by measuring the left-right forward-backward production asymmetry in polar angle of the tagged s quark. We obtain A_s = 0.895 ± 0.066(stat.) ± 0.062(syst.), which is consistent with the Standard Model and is currently the most precise measurement of this quantity.
Current performance of the SLD VXD3
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During 1996, the SLD collaboration completed construction and began operation of a new charge-coupled device (CCD) vertex detector (VXD3). Since then, its performance has been studied in detail and a new topological vertexing technique has been developed. In this paper, we discuss the design of VXD3, procedures for aligning it, and the tracking and vertexing improvements that have led to its world-record performance.

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Section IV. New applicationsA CCD-based vertex detector for SLD

Abstract

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Nucl. Phys.

Section IV. New applications
A CCD-based vertex detector for SLD