Mass production, infectivity, and field application studies with the entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces farinosus

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Abstract

Hyphal bodies (HB) of the entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces farinosus mass produced in shaken liquid cultures are infective per os and topically to Spodoptera exigua larvae. Pathogenicity of HB was greatest at pH 5.5. It was reduced by exposure for more than one-half hour to temperatures above 30°C. P. farinosus infected, killed, and produced mycelia on the surface of first-instar S. exigua larvae at a temperature—relative humidity combination as low at 15°C and 70% RH. Using two types of microdroplet applicators (droplet in the size range 1–30 and 30–90 μm, respectively) under field conditions, HB were delivered to distances of 76 m from the site of spraying. The number of HB deposited on the leaf surfaces of treated crops caused mortality of 70 to 90% in bioassayed larvae.

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    However, our scanning electron microscopy images of pollen beetles treated with B. bassiana spores in water and in oil formulation did not show notably different amounts of spores adhering to the elytra. To the best of our knowledge, increased deposition and persistence of spores has only been reported from treated plant surfaces and not from insect cuticles to date (Butt et al., 2000; Agudelo and Falcon, 1983). Spores may also disseminate more easily to infect susceptible parts of the insect body, such as intersegmental membranes, when formulated in oil (Prior et al., 1988; Ibrahim et al., 1999; Agudelo and Falcon, 1983; Burges and Jones, 1998).

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