Atomic K-, L-, and M-shell cross sections for ionization by protons: A relativistic hartree-slater calculation

doi:10.1016/0092-640X(89)90020-X

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

Volume 41, Issue 2, March 1989, Pages 257-285

https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-640X(89)90020-X Get rights and content

Abstract

Relativistic direct ionization cross sections for proton impact have been evaluated with Dirac-Hartree-Slater wave functions for atomic K, L, and M shells. Corrections for binding, polarization, and Coulomb deflection are included. Results are tabulated for proton energies from 3.25 to 5 MeV for the K shell and 1 to 5 MeV for the L subshells, for 28 elements with atomic numbers 22 ⩽ Z ⩽ 92. For M-subshell cross sections, results are tabulated for 15 elements with 54 ⩽ Z ⩽ 92, for proton energies from 0.06 to 2 MeV.

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Citation Excerpt :
Brief details of the way how theoretical models are used is presented in our previous papers [1,2]. Theoretical X-ray production cross sections of the major M-lines for PWBA and ECPSSR were calculated by using the ionization cross section from Cipolla program [11] using the semi-empirical formulas based on the subshell fluorescence yield ωi and Coster-Kronig transition rates from Chauhan and Puri [12] based on Dirac-Hartree-Slater DHS wave functions [13]. The C3+and C4+ ions beams in the energy range between 1.56 MeV and 5 MeV were obtained from 1MV Tandetron Accelerator of the Ruder Bošković Institute of Zagreb.
Although PIXE is usually performed with protons, PIXE with heavier ions can be useful in some specific cases. A number of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques, like ERDA (Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis), NRA (Nuclear Reaction Analysis), AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry), or MeV-SIMS (MeV Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry), require the use of heavier ions. In such cases the simultaneous use of PIXE could be beneficial. One of the prerequisites for such use of PIXE is good knowledge of X-ray production with heavier ions. In order to update the data base of heavy ion X-ray production cross sections, we have recently started with the systematic study of M-Shell X-ray production induced by carbon ions on heavy elements between W and Bi. Following previous works on Au and Pb (Haidra et al., 2018) and Pt and Bi (Haidra et al., 2019). In this work, we have measured particularly M_αβ, M_γ and total M-shell X-ray production cross section in tungsten and thallium induced by carbon ions of energy range 1.56 MeV to 5 MeV on respective thin targets. The obtained new experimental data are compared to the theoretical predictions given in the framework of the models Plane Wave Born Approximation (PWBA) (Brandt and Lapicki, 1981), ECPSSR (Brandt and Lapicki, 1981) and the Semi-Classical Approximation with united atom (SCA-UA) and separated atom (SCA-SA) correction (Bang and Hansteen, 1957) [5].
L- and M-shell X-ray production cross section measurements in <inf>73</inf>Ta and <inf>78</inf>Pt using B<sup>3+,4+</sup>-ions of energies below and above the potential barrier
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In this paper, we report the L- and M-shell X-ray production cross sections in ₇₃Ta and ₇₈Pt caused by the bombardment of 35 to 60 MeV B^3+,4+-ions. The energies of B-ions, below and above the potential barrier, were selected to study the effect on inner- and outer-shell ionization i.e. absolute X-ray production cross sections for various L- and M X-ray lines/group of lines (namely Lℓ, Lα₂, Lα₁, Lη, Lβ_4,6, Lβ₁, Lβ₃, Lβ_2,15, Lβ_5,7,9,10, Lγ₅, Lγ₁, Lγ_2,3,6, Lγ_4,4′, Mξ_2,1, Mδ + M₃N₁, Mα_1,2 + M₂N₁, Mβ + Mη, Mγ, Mm₁₁ (M₃O₁ + M₃O_4,5), Mm₁₂ (M₂N₄ + M₁N₃), Mm₂₁ (M₂O₁), Mm₂₂ (M₂O₄ + M₁O_2,3) and the change in the intensity ratios due to multiple ionization of M- and higher-shells. The present measurements were carried out at 16UD Pelletron Accelerator at Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) Delhi. The ion beams were bombarded on thin targets evaporated on an ultrapure carbon backing of 10 μg/cm². The targets fixed on a steel ladder were placed in an evacuated (<10⁻⁶ Torr) scattering chamber at 45° each to the beam direction and to the Si(Li) detector. The recorded L and M X-ray spectra were separately deconvoluted into various components of the L and M X-ray lines using the computer code after subtracting suitable background. The experimental results have been compared with the theoretical values by converting the L and M-subshell ionization cross sections based on the PWBA and ECPSSR direct-ionization theories taking into effect the sub-shell fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities and transition rates based on Dirac-Fock and Dirac-Hartree-Slater models. In the present measurements (0.0641 ≤ Z₁/Z₂ ≤ 0.0685), the velocity ratios v₁/v_2pi and the reduced ion velocity ξ_pi = 2v₁/(θ_pi.v_2pi) for p = L- or M-shell are in the range of 0.309 ≤ v₁/v_2Li ≤ 0.435 and 0.913 ≤ ξ_Li ≤ 1.316 and the ratios v₁/v_2Mi and ξ_Mi for M-shell are in the range of 0.555 ≤ v₁/v_2Mi ≤ 0.790 and 2.575 ≤ ξ_Mi ≤ 3.779 respectively. To the best of our information, this study of B-ion impact on ₇₃Ta and ₇₈Pt, near the potential barrier of the system which falls in the fast (ξ_Li ≈ 1, ξ_Mi > 1) collision regime, is being reported for the first time.
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The M-subshell ionization cross sections of heavy elements by proton and helium-ion impact have been calculated in the binary-encounter approximation. The momentum distribution of target electrons is taken into account by the use of the nonrelativistic and relativistic hydrogenic models and the Hartree–Fock–Roothaan method. The obtained subshell ionization cross sections are converted into the M-X-ray production cross sections and compared with experimental data and other theoretical calculations. The electronic relativistic effect and the wave-function effect on M-shell ionization cross sections are studied and possible reasons for large discrepancy between theory and experiment for $M_{γ}$ -X-ray production cross section are discussed.

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Atomic K-, L-, and M-shell cross sections for ionization by protons: A relativistic hartree-slater calculation

Abstract

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

Atomic Data

J. Comput. Phys.

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

Phys. Rev. A

Phys. Rev. A