Dexamethasone directly inhibits snake venom phospholipase A

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Abstract

Dexamethasone was found to directly inhibit snake venom phospholipase A2 within 3 to 10 minutes. To detect this effect, the incubation time seems to be critical. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone and mepacrine were additive with each other. We speculate that this direct inhibitory effect on phospholipase A2 plays a part in its strong biological activity.

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    In agreement with our findings, previous studies have shown that the treatment with dexamethasone reduces the hyperalgesia induced by the venoms of B. jararaca (Teixeira et al., 1994) and B. asper (Chacur et al., 2001), as well as by an isolated toxin from B. pirajai venom (Bernardes et al., 2015). Dexamethasone has been shown to directly inhibit the enzymatic activity of snake venom PLA2 toxins (Kato et al., 1985). Nevertheless, Zhang et al. (2018) have demonstrated that the antiedematogenic effect of a selective snake venom PLA2 inhibitor was greater than that of dexamethasone in a carrageenan-induced model of inflammation, suggesting that dexamethasone does not fully inhibit secreted PLA2.

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