Some oxidation products of ethoxyquin including those found in autoxidising systems
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Cited by (41)
Comprehensive characterization of ethoxyquin transformation products in fish feed by traveling-wave ion mobility spectrometry coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
2017, Analytica Chimica ActaCitation Excerpt :Indeed, DHMEQ and TP-232B were found in all of the analyzed samples. The high detection frequency observed for the dimer 1,8′-EQDM is consistent with previous results showing this compound as the one of the major TPs of EQ [7,9]. Among the other dimeric TPs in our target list, TP-447, TP-433 and TP-465 could also be identified in several samples.
Dissipation, metabolism and sorption of pesticides used in fruit-packaging plants: Towards an optimized depuration of their pesticide-contaminated agro-industrial effluents
2015, Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :Therefore, their concentration along with this of the parent compound were determined in all studies as is described below and will be referred as ‘total residues of EQ’. In the absence of commercial analytical standards, the two EQ metabolites were synthesized according to the procedure described by Thorisson et al. (1992) and their structure was verified by NMR analysis (see Supplementary materials). Commercial formulations of the pesticides were used in all fortification experiments described below including TECTO® 50 SC (TBZ), FUNGAZIL® 50 EC (IMZ), FRUITGARD® 20 SL (OPP), NO SCALD® 31.8 EC (DPA) and XEDAQUINE® 50 EC (EQ).
Accumulation and depuration of the synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin in the muscle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
2008, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :Some of them may be not related to EQ at all. Metabolism of EQ is not completely described neither in mammalian or fish, most likely due to methodological limitations in identification and quantification (Skaare and Nafstad, 1979; Sanders et al., 1996; Burka et al., 1996; Kim, 1991; He and Ackman, 2000b) of metabolites (Skaare and Roald, 1977; Skaare, 1979; Skaare and Nafstad, 1979; Skaare and Solheim, 1979; Sanders et al., 1996) many of which are highly reactive (Taimr et al., 1991; Thorrisson et al., 1992). In the present study, 4 of 14 observed compounds (Bohne et al., 2007a) were identified as parent EQ; de-ethylated EQ, earlier identified as a rat major urine metabolite (Skaare and Solheim, 1979); quinone imine, suspected product of in vitro oxidation of de-ethylated EQ (Skaare and Solheim, 1979), also found in salmonids (He and Ackman, 2000b); and finally, EQDM found in salmonids (He and Ackman, 2000b).
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Present address: Icelandic Fisheries Laboratory, Rekyavik, Iceland.