Canola meal as a protein supplement for growing-finishing pigs

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(87)90027-7

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Volume 18, Issue 1, August 1987, Pages 37-44

https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(87)90027-7 Get rights and content

Abstract

Four hundred crossbred pigs of an average initial weight of 20.3 kg were used in two experiments to determine the effect of canola meal (CM) as a protein supplement for growing (20–60 kg) and finishing (60–90 kg) pigs. Diets were based on barley and wheat and CM replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the protein supplied by soya-bean meal (SBM) on an isoenergetic and isonitrogenous basis. Average daily feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio of the growing pigs were not significantly (P > 0.05 affected by the level of CM in the diet. Rate of gain was significantly (P < 0.01) depressed when CM replaced ⩾ 75% of the SBM. Performance of pigs during the finishing phase was not affected (P > 0.05) by replacement of SBM by CM. It was concluded that growing pigs can be successfully fed diets containing a maximum of 9% CM, however, CM can be used as the sole protein supplement in the diets of finishing pigs.

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Cited by (30)

A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary canola / double low rapeseed meal on growth performance of weanling and growing-finishing pigs
2020, Animal Feed Science and Technology
A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of dietary inclusion rate of canola/rapeseed meal (CRM) on average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion in weanling and growing-finishing pigs. The dataset included 37 experiments with 3530 experimental units published from 1987 to 2019. The dietary inclusion rates of CRM ranged from 20 to 400 g/kg for weanling pigs and from 37.5 to 488.4 g/kg for growing-finishing pigs. The impact of feeding CRM was calculated using the Cohen’s d (CD) to measure differences among control and experimental means, including the effect of pooled standard deviation of treatments. The overall effect size for ADG and feed conversion in weanling pigs showed no significant impact of CRM inclusion, and linear and quadric weighted regression analyses revealed no significant relationships between CRM inclusion and growth performance in weanling pigs. The ADFI for weanling pigs was significantly reduced by CRM inclusion. In growing-finishing pigs, there was a minor, but significant, reduction in the overall effect size for ADG and feed conversion by CRM feeding, while there was and a tendency towards negative effect on ADFI. There were no significant linear and quadratic relationships between CRM inclusion levels and growth performance in growing-finishing pigs. The data used in the present study suggest that increasing dietary inclusion of low glucosinolate CRM reduced ADFI for weanling, but not for growing-finishing pigs, and had minor or no effect on ADG and feed conversion. It is concluded that CRM can be included as a protein source in nutritionally balanced diets for growing-finishing pigs without adverse effects on growth performance.
Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed Brassica napus canola meal varying in nutritive quality
2017, Animal Feed Science and Technology
Citation Excerpt :
Achieved feed intake of pigs and formulating diets based on NE and SID AA are fundamental to maintain growth when introducing high fibre co-products into swine diets (Woyengo et al., 2014). Formulating diets based on DE and total AA, dietary inclusion of 196 g CM/kg to replace SBM in diets for growing pigs depressed ADG despite maintaining ADFI (Baidoo et al., 1987a). Depressed ADFI due to elevated content of bitter gluconapin with increased dietary inclusion of Brassica juncea CM reduced weight gain even though diets were formulated based on NE (Landero et al., 2013), indicating the importance of feed intake.
Canola meal (CM) is the second most fed protein source in swine production worldwide. However, nutritive quality of CM varies and may affect growth performance of pigs. To explore, 240 pigs (initial body weight: 9.6 ± 0.7 kg) were weaned at 19 ± 1 days of age and fed diets containing 200 g/kg soybean meal (SBM) or 4 Brassica napus CM samples (CM1, CM2, CM3 and CM4 selected from 4 solvent extraction plants in 3 western Canadian provinces) starting 2 weeks post-weaning for 4 weeks (day 1–28). In the 4 CM samples, crude protein (CP) ranged from 362 to 419 g/kg, acid detergent fibre from 158 to 195 g/kg and total glucosinolates from 1.13 to 7.38 μmol/g. Diets were formulated to provide 9.6 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.2 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)/MJ NE and were steam-pelleted. Comparing CM with SBM, dietary inclusion of CM decreased (P < 0.001) diet CATTD of dry matter (DM) by 0.037, of gross energy (GE) by 0.036 and of CP by 0.040, whereas digestible energy (DE) value of CM diets was maintained and predicted NE value of CM diets was increased (P = 0.027) by 0.078 MJ/kg. Among the 4 CM diets, the CATTD of DM, GE and CP did not differ, but DE and predicted NE value differed (P < 0.01). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of pigs did not differ between CM diets and the SBM diet for each week and for the entire trial (day 1–28), but gain:feed was greater (P < 0.05) for the CM diets than the SBM diet for day 1–7 and for the entire trial. Among the 4 CM diets, ADFI and ADG differed (P < 0.05) for the entire trial. In conclusion, inclusion of 200 g CM/kg to replace SBM did not affect ADFI and ADG in weaned pigs. However, growth performance differed among CM sources indicating that quality differences among CM samples affect growth performance of pigs.
Effects of feeding high protein or conventional canola meal on dry cured and conventionally cured bacon
2015, Meat Science
Citation Excerpt :
Canola meal is an alternative to soybean meal (SBM) as a protein supplement for pigs (Baidoo, Aherne, Mitaru, & Blair, 1987; Bell, 1975; Maison, 2013).
Objectives were to compare belly, bacon processing, bacon slice, and sensory characteristics from pigs fed high protein canola meal (CM-HP) or conventional canola meal (CM-CV). Soybean meal was replaced with 0 (control), 33, 66, or 100% of both types of canola meal. Left side bellies from 70 carcasses were randomly assigned to conventional or dry cure treatment and matching right side bellies were assigned the opposite treatment. Secondary objectives were to test the existence of bilateral symmetry on fresh belly characteristics and fatty acid profiles of right and left side bellies originating from the same carcass. Bellies from pigs fed CM-HP were slightly lighter and thinner than bellies from pigs fed CM-CV, yet bacon processing, bacon slice, and sensory characteristics were unaffected by dietary treatment and did not differ from the control. Furthermore, testing the existence of bilateral symmetry on fresh belly characteristics revealed that bellies originating from the right side of the carcasses were slightly (P ≤ 0.05) wider, thicker, heavier and firmer than bellies from the left side of the carcass.
Feeding increasing inclusions of canola meal with distillers dried grains and solubles to growing-finishing barrows and gilts
2014, Animal Feed Science and Technology
Citation Excerpt :
The meal remaining after solvent extraction of the oil is marketed as a supplemental protein source for livestock, and has been fed to pigs for more than 30 years. Previous trials that fed CM replacing soybean meal to pigs showed reduced growth performance (Baidoo et al., 1986, 1987a, 1987b; McIntosh et al., 1986). Recently, pigs fed high CM inclusions did not show reduced growth (Seneviratne et al., 2010, 2011; Landero et al., 2011).

The effect of feeding increasing inclusions of solvent-extracted canola meal (CM) in diets including a relatively high content (150 g/kg) of co-fermented wheat and corn (70:30) distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on diet nutrient digestibility, growth performance, dressing and carcass traits of pigs was evaluated in a commercial-scale study. In total, 550 barrows and 550 gilts [29.9 ± 0.2 kg body weight] housed in 50 pens (22 barrows or gilts) were fed one of 5 dietary regimens over 5 growth phases (3 grower and 2 finisher). Canola meal (0, 60, 120, 180 or 240 g/kg) replaced barley, soybean meal and field pea in diets formulated to equal net energy (NE; 9.7, 9.7, 9.6, 9.4 and 9.4 MJ/kg) and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine content (10.9, 9.9, 7.6, 6.7 and 6.2 g/kg). Considering all 5 growth phases, dietary crude protein (CP), crude fibre, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre increased 13.7, 3.4, 8.2 and 5.8 g/kg, respectively, per each 60 g/kg increase in CM inclusion. Increasing dietary CM inclusion by 60 g/kg decreased (P > 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility coefficient of gross energy, CP, dry matter, organic matter and ash by 0.01, 0.004, 0.02, 0.01 and 0.04, respectively. For the entire trial (d 0 to 90), increasing dietary CM inclusion by 60 g/kg linearly reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake (ADFI) by 19 g/d and weight gain (ADG) by 7.4 g/d. Increasing dietary CM inclusion resulted in a quadratic response on G:F (ADG/ADFI; P < 0.05). Pigs fed 240 g/kg attained slaughter weight (120 kg) 3 days after pigs fed 60 g/kg CM (linear; P < 0.05). Increasing dietary CM inclusion in diets including 150 g/kg DDGS did not affect carcass weight, dressing, backfat thickness, loin depth, estimated lean yield, or index. In conclusion, increasing dietary CM inclusion from 0 to 240 g/kg in grower-finisher diets including 150 g/kg DDGS had only a minor effect on overall growth performance and did not affect carcass traits of barrows and gilts.
Dehulled protein-rich rapeseed meal as a protein source for early weaned piglets
1994, Animal Feed Science and Technology
Dehulled protein-rich rapeseed meal (DPR-meal) was produced by aqueous enzymatic extraction. Based on chemical analyses and balance experiments with piglets, the nutritive value was determined. The dry matter of the DPR-meal contained 56% crude protein, 27% HCl-fat, 12% carbohydrates, 5% ash and 1 μmol g⁻¹ glucosinolates. Four diets containing 0, 6, 12 and 18% DPR-meal were manufactured and tested in a balance trial as well as in two production trials with 4-week-old weaned piglets. In the balance trial, 16 pigs were reared in single cages and fed semi ad libitum. Each production trial was performed with 80 pigs, reared in pairs and fed ad libitum. The period of treatment lasted 4 weeks. Substitution of the highly digestible protein sources skim milk powder and fish meal with DPR-meal caused decreased digestibility of protein and energy with increasing dietary levels of DPR-meal. Deposited N and deposited N as a percentage of digested N were equal for the four diets. In addition, no negative effects on protein utilisation from the glucosinolates were observed. The decrease in digestibility of energy (r² = 0.91) and protein (r² = 0.90) correlated well with the insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) content. In the first production trial a significant decrease in voluntary feed intake and reduced growth rate (P ⩽ 0.001) of the pigs with increasing levels of DPR-meal was observed. In the second production trial, in which flavouring (Flavodan SW-783) was added to the DPR-meal, the decrease in voluntary feed intake was almost halved and the growth rate was not significantly affected (P ⩾ 0.05). In both production trials the feed to gain ratio was unaffected by the level of DPR-meal in the diets.
Effects of Novel Protease Supplementation in Soybean Meal and Rapeseed Meal Diets on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Growing Pigs
2023, Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition

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^∗: Present address: Department of Animal Production, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Kabete, Kenya.

^∗∗: Present address: Department of Animal Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A2, Canada.

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Canola meal as a protein supplement for growing-finishing pigs

Abstract

Oilseed meals for livestock feeding

The nutritive value of Tower rapeseed meal for swine

Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.

Official Methods of Analysis

Nutritional value of low glucosinolate rapeseed meal for swine

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

Effects of rapeseed dockage content on the feeding value of rapeseed meal for swine

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

Evaluation of Candle rapeseed meal as a protein supplement for swine

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

Effects of cultivar on the utilization of ground rapeseed in diets for growing-finishing pigs

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

Anti-nutritive fractions in animal feedstuffs

Effect of ammoniation of rapeseed meal on the sinapine content of the meal

Br. Poult. Sci.

Inclusion of canola meal in corn-soybean meal diets of swine

Abstracts. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Midwestern Section