The construction of the L3 experiment
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Cited by (542)
A new fast dense scintillator of Zr:GdTaO<inf>4</inf> single crystal
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2022, Journal of Solid State ChemistryCitation Excerpt :For instance, although the light yield 200 photons/MeV of PbWO4 (PWO) is very poor, it has a high density (8.3 g/cm3) and fast decay (<10 ns), so more than 80,000 pieces of 25 cm long PWO crystals were used in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector of CERN [3]. Based on the same considerations, 11,000 pieces of 24 cm long Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystals were used in the L3 detector of CERN [5]. So much demand demonstrates the importance of high density and large Zeff in the application of nuclear physics and high energy physics.
Characterization of mixed Bi<inf>4</inf>(Ge<inf>x</inf>Si<inf>1−x</inf>)<inf>3</inf>O<inf>12</inf> for crystal calorimetry at future colliders
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- ∗
Supported by the German Bundesministerium für Forschung and Technologie.
- ∗∗
Partly supported by the grant CCA-8411/129 from the “US-Spain joint committee, Science and Technology program”.
- b)
Formerly C.S. Draper Laboratory.
- c)
Also LAA.
- d)
Also Bologna.
- e
Also F Bitter National Magnet Laboratory.
- f)
Also KEK.
- g)
Also Nanjing.
- †
Deceased.
- a
Metareg.